Isolation of Cancer-Derived Exosomes Using a Variety of Magnetic Nanostructures: From Fe3O4 Nanoparticles to Ni Nanowires

Zohreh Nemati; Mohammad Reza Zamani Kouhpanji; Fang Zhou; Raja Das; Kelly Makielski; Joseph Um; Manh-Huong Phan; Alicia Muela; Ma Luisa Fdez-Gubieda; Rhonda R Franklin; Bethanie J H Stadler; Jaime F Modiano; Javier Alonso

doi:10.3390/nano10091662

Isolation of Cancer-Derived Exosomes Using a Variety of Magnetic Nanostructures: From Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles to Ni Nanowires

Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Aug 25;10(9):1662. doi: 10.3390/nano10091662.

Authors

Zohreh Nemati^{1

2

3}, Mohammad Reza Zamani Kouhpanji^{1

4}, Fang Zhou⁵, Raja Das^{6

7}, Kelly Makielski^{2

3

8}, Joseph Um¹, Manh-Huong Phan⁹, Alicia Muela^{10

11}, Ma Luisa Fdez-Gubieda^{10

12}, Rhonda R Franklin¹, Bethanie J H Stadler^{1

13}, Jaime F Modiano^{2

3

8

14

15}, Javier Alonso¹⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
² Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
³ Masonic Cancer Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
⁵ Shepherd Labs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
⁶ Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering and Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), Phenikaa University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
⁷ Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A & A Green Phoenix Group, 167 Hoang Ngan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
⁸ Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
⁹ Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
¹⁰ BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
¹¹ Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.
¹² Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.
¹³ Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
¹⁴ Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
¹⁵ Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
¹⁶ Department CITIMAC, University of Cantabria (UC), 39005 Santander, Spain.

Abstract

Isolating and analyzing tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) can provide important information about the state of a tumor, facilitating early diagnosis and prognosis. Since current isolation methods are mostly laborious and expensive, we propose herein a fast and cost-effective method based on a magnetic nanoplatform to isolate TEX. In this work, we have tested our method using three magnetic nanostructures: (i) Ni magnetic nanowires (MNWs) (1500 × 40 nm), (ii) Fe₃O₄ nanorods (NRs) (41 × 7 nm), and (iii) Fe₃O₄ cube-octahedral magnetosomes (MGs) (45 nm) obtained from magnetotactic bacteria. The magnetic response of these nanostructures has been characterized, and we have followed their internalization inside canine osteosarcoma OSCA-8 cells. An overall depiction has been obtained using a combination of Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopies. In addition, Transmission Electron Microscopy images have shown that the nanostructures, with different signs of degradation, ended up being incorporated in endosomal compartments inside the cells. Small intra-endosomal vesicles that could be precursors for TEX have also been identified. Finally, TEX have been isolated using our magnetic isolation method and analyzed with a Nanoparticle tracking analyzer (NanoSight). We observed that the amount and purity of TEX isolated magnetically with MNWs was higher than with NRs and MGs, and they were close to the results obtained using conventional non-magnetic isolation methods.

Keywords: cancer exosomes; magnetic isolation; magnetosomes; nanorods; nanowires.

Abstract

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