The clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) lead to dramatic changes in the treatment strategy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the efficacy of ICIs in oncogene-driven NSCLC is controversial. Existing research shows that the efficacy of ICIs may be related to different types of driver genes, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) level, and tumor mutational burden (TMB). It may involved in other factors, such as clinical characteristics, and immune cell density. ICIs monotherapy or combination therapy may play a role in a subset of oncogene-driven NSCLC patients, but further studies are needed to select these patients, which may be an important direction for the future development of advanced NSCLC.
免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors，ICIs)已成为晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)的重要治疗方法，但其在驱动基因阳性患者中的疗效仍存在争议。现有研究显示：ICIs的疗效可能与不同的驱动基因类型、程序性死亡蛋白-配体1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1，PD-L1)表达水平、肿瘤突变负荷(tumor mutational burden，TMB)等相关，同时可能需要参考其他因素，如临床特征、免疫细胞密度等。ICIs单药或联合治疗可能会在一部分驱动基因阳性NSCLC患者中发挥作用，但仍需要进一步研究来筛选出这些患者，这或许是晚期NSCLC治疗未来发展的一个重要方向。.
Keywords: B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase; V-Ki-Ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; anaplastic lymphoma kinase; driver genes; epidermal growth factor receptor; immune checkpoint inhibitors; non-small cell lung cancer; programmed cell death-ligand 1.