Social Isolation and Psychological Distress Among Older Adults Related to COVID-19: A Narrative Review of Remotely-Delivered Interventions and Recommendations

J Appl Gerontol. 2021 Jan;40(1):3-13. doi: 10.1177/0733464820958550. Epub 2020 Sep 11.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with several short- and long-term negative impacts on the well-being of older adults. Physical distancing recommendations to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV2-19 virus increase the risk of social isolation and loneliness, which are associated with negative outcomes including anxiety, depression, cognitive decline, and mortality. Taken together, social isolation and additional psychological impacts of the pandemic (e.g., worry, grief) underscore the importance of intervention efforts to older adults. This narrative review draws upon a wide range of evidence to provide a comprehensive overview of appropriate remotely-delivered interventions for older adults that target loneliness and psychological symptoms. These include interventions delivered by a range of individuals (i.e., community members to mental health professionals), and interventions that vary by implementation (e.g., self-guided therapy, remotely-delivered interventions via telephone or video call). Recommendations to overcome barriers to implementation and delivery are provided, with consideration given to the different living situations.

Keywords: COVID-19; intervention; mental health; social isolation; technology.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Anxiety / etiology
  • Anxiety / therapy
  • Assisted Living Facilities
  • Attitude to Computers
  • COVID-19 / psychology*
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / methods
  • Delivery of Health Care / methods*
  • Depression / etiology
  • Depression / therapy
  • Humans
  • Independent Living
  • Loneliness / psychology
  • Nursing Homes
  • Physical Distancing
  • Privacy
  • Psychological Distress*
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Social Isolation / psychology*
  • Social Media
  • Telecommunications*