Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, can lead to cardiac impairment with various types of clinical manifestations, including heart failure and cardiogenic shock. A possible expression of cardiac impairment is non-ischemic ventricular dysfunction, which can be related to different pathological conditions, such as myocarditis, stress and cytokine-related ventricular dysfunction. The diagnosis of these pathological conditions can be challenging during COVID-19; furthermore, their prevalence and prognostic significance have not been elucidated yet. The purpose of this review is to take stock of the various aspects of non-ischemic ventricular dysfunction that may occur during COVID-19 and of the diagnostic implications related to the use of cardiac imaging techniques.
MeSH terms
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Acute Disease
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Asymptomatic Infections
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Betacoronavirus*
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COVID-19
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Coronavirus Infections / blood
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Coronavirus Infections / complications*
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Coronavirus Infections / diagnostic imaging
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Cytokine Release Syndrome / complications
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Echocardiography
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Electrocardiography
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Heart Failure / etiology
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Humans
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Myocarditis / blood
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Myocarditis / diagnostic imaging*
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Myocarditis / etiology
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Pandemics
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Pneumonia, Viral / blood
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Pneumonia, Viral / complications*
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Pneumonia, Viral / diagnostic imaging
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SARS-CoV-2
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Stroke Volume / physiology
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Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / diagnostic imaging
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Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / etiology
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Troponin / blood
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Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / blood
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Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / diagnostic imaging*
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Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / etiology
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Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / blood
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Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / diagnostic imaging*
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Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / etiology