1 Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
2 Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China.
3 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
4 Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: [email protected].