Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA

B P Abbott; R Abbott; T D Abbott; S Abraham; F Acernese; K Ackley; C Adams; V B Adya; C Affeldt; M Agathos; K Agatsuma; N Aggarwal; O D Aguiar; L Aiello; A Ain; P Ajith; T Akutsu; G Allen; A Allocca; M A Aloy; P A Altin; A Amato; A Ananyeva; S B Anderson; W G Anderson; M Ando; S V Angelova; S Antier; S Appert; K Arai; Koya Arai; Y Arai; S Araki; A Araya; M C Araya; J S Areeda; M Arène; N Aritomi; N Arnaud; K G Arun; S Ascenzi; G Ashton; Y Aso; S M Aston; P Astone; F Aubin; P Aufmuth; K AultONeal; C Austin; V Avendano; A Avila-Alvarez; S Babak; P Bacon; F Badaracco; M K M Bader; S W Bae; Y B Bae; L Baiotti; R Bajpai; P T Baker; F Baldaccini; G Ballardin; S W Ballmer; S Banagiri; J C Barayoga; S E Barclay; B C Barish; D Barker; K Barkett; S Barnum; F Barone; B Barr; L Barsotti; M Barsuglia; D Barta; J Bartlett; M A Barton; I Bartos; R Bassiri; A Basti; M Bawaj; J C Bayley; M Bazzan; B Bécsy; M Bejger; I Belahcene; A S Bell; D Beniwal; B K Berger; G Bergmann; S Bernuzzi; J J Bero; C P L Berry; D Bersanetti; A Bertolini; J Betzwieser; R Bhandare; J Bidler; I A Bilenko; S A Bilgili; G Billingsley; J Birch; R Birney; O Birnholtz; S Biscans; S Biscoveanu; A Bisht; M Bitossi; M A Bizouard; J K Blackburn; C D Blair; D G Blair; R M Blair; S Bloemen; N Bode; M Boer; Y Boetzel; G Bogaert; F Bondu; E Bonilla; R Bonnand; P Booker; B A Boom; C D Booth; R Bork; V Boschi; S Bose; K Bossie; V Bossilkov; J Bosveld; Y Bouffanais; A Bozzi; C Bradaschia; P R Brady; A Bramley; M Branchesi; J E Brau; T Briant; J H Briggs; F Brighenti; A Brillet; M Brinkmann; V Brisson; P Brockill; A F Brooks; D A Brown; D D Brown; S Brunett; A Buikema; T Bulik; H J Bulten; A Buonanno; D Buskulic; C Buy; R L Byer; M Cabero; L Cadonati; G Cagnoli; C Cahillane; J Calderón Bustillo; T A Callister; E Calloni; J B Camp; W A Campbell; M Canepa; K Cannon; K C Cannon; H Cao; J Cao; E Capocasa; F Carbognani; S Caride; M F Carney; G Carullo; J Casanueva Diaz; C Casentini; S Caudill; M Cavaglià; F Cavalier; R Cavalieri; G Cella; P Cerdá-Durán; G Cerretani; E Cesarini; O Chaibi; K Chakravarti; S J Chamberlin; M Chan; M L Chan; S Chao; P Charlton; E A Chase; E Chassande-Mottin; D Chatterjee; M Chaturvedi; K Chatziioannou; B D Cheeseboro; C S Chen; H Y Chen; K H Chen; X Chen; Y Chen; Y R Chen; H-P Cheng; C K Cheong; H Y Chia; A Chincarini; A Chiummo; G Cho; H S Cho; M Cho; N Christensen; H Y Chu; Q Chu; Y K Chu; S Chua; K W Chung; S Chung; G Ciani; A A Ciobanu; R Ciolfi; F Cipriano; A Cirone; F Clara; J A Clark; P Clearwater; F Cleva; C Cocchieri; E Coccia; P-F Cohadon; D Cohen; R Colgan; M Colleoni; C G Collette; C Collins; L R Cominsky; M Constancio Jr; L Conti; S J Cooper; P Corban; T R Corbitt; I Cordero-Carrión; K R Corley; N Cornish; A Corsi; S Cortese; C A Costa; R Cotesta; M W Coughlin; S B Coughlin; J-P Coulon; S T Countryman; P Couvares; P B Covas; E E Cowan; D M Coward; M J Cowart; D C Coyne; R Coyne; J D E Creighton; T D Creighton; J Cripe; M Croquette; S G Crowder; T J Cullen; A Cumming; L Cunningham; E Cuoco; T Dal Canton; G Dálya; S L Danilishin; S D'Antonio; K Danzmann; A Dasgupta; C F Da Silva Costa; L E H Datrier; V Dattilo; I Dave; M Davier; D Davis; E J Daw; D DeBra; M Deenadayalan; J Degallaix; M De Laurentis; S Deléglise; W Del Pozzo; L M DeMarchi; N Demos; T Dent; R De Pietri; J Derby; R De Rosa; C De Rossi; R DeSalvo; O de Varona; S Dhurandhar; M C Díaz; T Dietrich; L Di Fiore; M Di Giovanni; T Di Girolamo; A Di Lieto; B Ding; S Di Pace; I Di Palma; F Di Renzo; A Dmitriev; Z Doctor; K Doi; F Donovan; K L Dooley; S Doravari; I Dorrington; T P Downes; M Drago; J C Driggers; Z Du; J-G Ducoin; P Dupej; S E Dwyer; P J Easter; T B Edo; M C Edwards; A Effler; S Eguchi; P Ehrens; J Eichholz; S S Eikenberry; M Eisenmann; R A Eisenstein; Y Enomoto; R C Essick; H Estelles; D Estevez; Z B Etienne; T Etzel; M Evans; T M Evans; V Fafone; H Fair; S Fairhurst; X Fan; S Farinon; B Farr; W M Farr; E J Fauchon-Jones; M Favata; M Fays; M Fazio; C Fee; J Feicht; M M Fejer; F Feng; A Fernandez-Galiana; I Ferrante; E C Ferreira; T A Ferreira; F Ferrini; F Fidecaro; I Fiori; D Fiorucci; M Fishbach; R P Fisher; J M Fishner; M Fitz-Axen; R Flaminio; M Fletcher; E Flynn; H Fong; J A Font; P W F Forsyth; J-D Fournier; S Frasca; F Frasconi; Z Frei; A Freise; R Frey; V Frey; P Fritschel; V V Frolov; Y Fujii; M Fukunaga; M Fukushima; P Fulda; M Fyffe; H A Gabbard; B U Gadre; S M Gaebel; J R Gair; L Gammaitoni; M R Ganija; S G Gaonkar; A Garcia; C García-Quirós; F Garufi; B Gateley; S Gaudio; G Gaur; V Gayathri; G G Ge; G Gemme; E Genin; A Gennai; D George; J George; L Gergely; V Germain; S Ghonge; Abhirup Ghosh; Archisman Ghosh; S Ghosh; B Giacomazzo; J A Giaime; K D Giardina; A Giazotto; K Gill; G Giordano; L Glover; P Godwin; E Goetz; R Goetz; B Goncharov; G González; J M Gonzalez Castro; A Gopakumar; M L Gorodetsky; S E Gossan; M Gosselin; R Gouaty; A Grado; C Graef; M Granata; A Grant; S Gras; P Grassia; C Gray; R Gray; G Greco; A C Green; R Green; E M Gretarsson; P Groot; H Grote; S Grunewald; P Gruning; G M Guidi; H K Gulati; Y Guo; A Gupta; M K Gupta; E K Gustafson; R Gustafson; L Haegel; A Hagiwara; S Haino; O Halim; B R Hall; E D Hall; E Z Hamilton; G Hammond; M Haney; M M Hanke; J Hanks; C Hanna; M D Hannam; O A Hannuksela; J Hanson; T Hardwick; K Haris; J Harms; G M Harry; I W Harry; K Hasegawa; C-J Haster; K Haughian; H Hayakawa; K Hayama; F J Hayes; J Healy; A Heidmann; M C Heintze; H Heitmann; P Hello; G Hemming; M Hendry; I S Heng; J Hennig; A W Heptonstall; M Heurs; S Hild; Y Himemoto; T Hinderer; Y Hiranuma; N Hirata; E Hirose; D Hoak; S Hochheim; D Hofman; A M Holgado; N A Holland; K Holt; D E Holz; Z Hong; P Hopkins; C Horst; J Hough; E J Howell; C G Hoy; A Hreibi; B H Hsieh; G Z Huang; P W Huang; Y J Huang; E A Huerta; D Huet; B Hughey; M Hulko; S Husa; S H Huttner; T Huynh-Dinh; B Idzkowski; A Iess; B Ikenoue; S Imam; K Inayoshi; C Ingram; Y Inoue; R Inta; G Intini; K Ioka; B Irwin; H N Isa; J-M Isac; M Isi; Y Itoh; B R Iyer; K Izumi; T Jacqmin; S J Jadhav; K Jani; N N Janthalur; P Jaranowski; A C Jenkins; J Jiang; D S Johnson; A W Jones; D I Jones; R Jones; R J G Jonker; L Ju; K Jung; P Jung; J Junker; T Kajita; C V Kalaghatgi; V Kalogera; B Kamai; M Kamiizumi; N Kanda; S Kandhasamy; G W Kang; J B Kanner; S J Kapadia; S Karki; K S Karvinen; R Kashyap; M Kasprzack; S Katsanevas; E Katsavounidis; W Katzman; S Kaufer; K Kawabe; K Kawaguchi; N Kawai; T Kawasaki; N V Keerthana; F Kéfélian; D Keitel; R Kennedy; J S Key; F Y Khalili; H Khan; I Khan; S Khan; Z Khan; E A Khazanov; M Khursheed; N Kijbunchoo; Chunglee Kim; C Kim; J C Kim; J Kim; K Kim; W Kim; W S Kim; Y-M Kim; C Kimball; N Kimura; E J King; P J King; M Kinley-Hanlon; R Kirchhoff; J S Kissel; N Kita; H Kitazawa; L Kleybolte; J H Klika; S Klimenko; T D Knowles; E Knyazev; P Koch; S M Koehlenbeck; G Koekoek; Y Kojima; K Kokeyama; S Koley; K Komori; V Kondrashov; A K H Kong; A Kontos; N Koper; M Korobko; W Z Korth; K Kotake; I Kowalska; D B Kozak; C Kozakai; R Kozu; V Kringel; N Krishnendu; A Królak; G Kuehn; A Kumar; P Kumar; Rahul Kumar; R Kumar; S Kumar; J Kume; C M Kuo; H S Kuo; L Kuo; S Kuroyanagi; K Kusayanagi; A Kutynia; K Kwak; S Kwang; B D Lackey; K H Lai; T L Lam; M Landry; B B Lane; R N Lang; J Lange; B Lantz; R K Lanza; A Lartaux-Vollard; P D Lasky; M Laxen; A Lazzarini; C Lazzaro; P Leaci; S Leavey; Y K Lecoeuche; C H Lee; H K Lee; H M Lee; H W Lee; J Lee; K Lee; R K Lee; J Lehmann; A Lenon; M Leonardi; N Leroy; N Letendre; Y Levin; J Li; K J L Li; T G F Li; X Li; C Y Lin; F Lin; F L Lin; L C C Lin; F Linde; S D Linker; T B Littenberg; G C Liu; J Liu; X Liu; R K L Lo; N A Lockerbie; L T London; A Longo; M Lorenzini; V Loriette; M Lormand; G Losurdo; J D Lough; C O Lousto; G Lovelace; M E Lower; H Lück; D Lumaca; A P Lundgren; L W Luo; R Lynch; Y Ma; R Macas; S Macfoy; M MacInnis; D M Macleod; A Macquet; F Magaña-Sandoval; L Magaña Zertuche; R M Magee; E Majorana; I Maksimovic; A Malik; N Man; V Mandic; V Mangano; G L Mansell; M Manske; M Mantovani; F Marchesoni; M Marchio; F Marion; S Márka; Z Márka; C Markakis; A S Markosyan; A Markowitz; E Maros; A Marquina; S Marsat; F Martelli; I W Martin; R M Martin; D V Martynov; K Mason; E Massera; A Masserot; T J Massinger; M Masso-Reid; S Mastrogiovanni; A Matas; F Matichard; L Matone; N Mavalvala; N Mazumder; J J McCann; R McCarthy; D E McClelland; S McCormick; L McCuller; S C McGuire; J McIver; D J McManus; T McRae; S T McWilliams; D Meacher; G D Meadors; M Mehmet; A K Mehta; J Meidam; A Melatos; G Mendell; R A Mercer; L Mereni; E L Merilh; M Merzougui; S Meshkov; C Messenger; C Messick; R Metzdorff; P M Meyers; H Miao; C Michel; Y Michimura; H Middleton; E E Mikhailov; L Milano; A L Miller; A Miller; M Millhouse; J C Mills; M C Milovich-Goff; O Minazzoli; Y Minenkov; N Mio; A Mishkin; C Mishra; T Mistry; S Mitra; V P Mitrofanov; G Mitselmakher; R Mittleman; O Miyakawa; A Miyamoto; Y Miyazaki; K Miyo; S Miyoki; G Mo; D Moffa; K Mogushi; S R P Mohapatra; M Montani; C J Moore; D Moraru; G Moreno; S Morisaki; Y Moriwaki; B Mours; C M Mow-Lowry; Arunava Mukherjee; D Mukherjee; S Mukherjee; N Mukund; A Mullavey; J Munch; E A Muñiz; M Muratore; P G Murray; K Nagano; S Nagano; A Nagar; K Nakamura; H Nakano; M Nakano; R Nakashima; I Nardecchia; T Narikawa; L Naticchioni; R K Nayak; R Negishi; J Neilson; G Nelemans; T J N Nelson; M Nery; A Neunzert; K Y Ng; S Ng; P Nguyen; W T Ni; D Nichols; A Nishizawa; S Nissanke; F Nocera; C North; L K Nuttall; M Obergaulinger; J Oberling; B D O'Brien; Y Obuchi; G D O'Dea; W Ogaki; G H Ogin; J J Oh; S H Oh; M Ohashi; N Ohishi; M Ohkawa; F Ohme; H Ohta; M A Okada; K Okutomi; M Oliver; K Oohara; C P Ooi; P Oppermann; Richard J Oram; B O'Reilly; R G Ormiston; L F Ortega; R O'Shaughnessy; S Oshino; S Ossokine; D J Ottaway; H Overmier; B J Owen; A E Pace; G Pagano; M A Page; A Pai; S A Pai; J R Palamos; O Palashov; C Palomba; A Pal-Singh; Huang-Wei Pan; K C Pan; B Pang; H F Pang; P T H Pang; C Pankow; F Pannarale; B C Pant; F Paoletti; A Paoli; M A Papa; A Parida; J Park; W Parker; D Pascucci; A Pasqualetti; R Passaquieti; D Passuello; M Patil; B Patricelli; B L Pearlstone; C Pedersen; M Pedraza; R Pedurand; A Pele; F E Peña Arellano; S Penn; C J Perez; A Perreca; H P Pfeiffer; M Phelps; K S Phukon; O J Piccinni; M Pichot; F Piergiovanni; G Pillant; L Pinard; I Pinto; M Pirello; M Pitkin; R Poggiani; D Y T Pong; S Ponrathnam; P Popolizio; E K Porter; J Powell; A K Prajapati; J Prasad; K Prasai; R Prasanna; G Pratten; T Prestegard; S Privitera; G A Prodi; L G Prokhorov; O Puncken; M Punturo; P Puppo; M Pürrer; H Qi; V Quetschke; P J Quinonez; E A Quintero; R Quitzow-James; F J Raab; H Radkins; N Radulescu; P Raffai; S Raja; C Rajan; B Rajbhandari; M Rakhmanov; K E Ramirez; A Ramos-Buades; Javed Rana; K Rao; P Rapagnani; V Raymond; M Razzano; J Read; T Regimbau; L Rei; S Reid; D H Reitze; W Ren; F Ricci; C J Richardson; J W Richardson; P M Ricker; K Riles; M Rizzo; N A Robertson; R Robie; F Robinet; A Rocchi; L Rolland; J G Rollins; V J Roma; M Romanelli; R Romano; C L Romel; J H Romie; K Rose; D Rosińska; S G Rosofsky; M P Ross; S Rowan; A Rüdiger; P Ruggi; G Rutins; K Ryan; S Sachdev; T Sadecki; N Sago; S Saito; Y Saito; K Sakai; Y Sakai; H Sakamoto; M Sakellariadou; Y Sakuno; L Salconi; M Saleem; A Samajdar; L Sammut; E J Sanchez; L E Sanchez; N Sanchis-Gual; V Sandberg; J R Sanders; K A Santiago; N Sarin; B Sassolas; B S Sathyaprakash; S Sato; T Sato; O Sauter; R L Savage; T Sawada; P Schale; M Scheel; J Scheuer; P Schmidt; R Schnabel; R M S Schofield; A Schönbeck; E Schreiber; B W Schulte; B F Schutz; S G Schwalbe; J Scott; S M Scott; E Seidel; T Sekiguchi; Y Sekiguchi; D Sellers; A S Sengupta; N Sennett; D Sentenac; V Sequino; A Sergeev; Y Setyawati; D A Shaddock; T Shaffer; M S Shahriar; M B Shaner; L Shao; P Sharma; P Shawhan; H Shen; S Shibagaki; R Shimizu; T Shimoda; K Shimode; R Shink; H Shinkai; T Shishido; A Shoda; D H Shoemaker; D M Shoemaker; S ShyamSundar; K Siellez; M Sieniawska; D Sigg; A D Silva; L P Singer; N Singh; A Singhal; A M Sintes; S Sitmukhambetov; V Skliris; B J J Slagmolen; T J Slaven-Blair; J R Smith; R J E Smith; S Somala; K Somiya; E J Son; B Sorazu; F Sorrentino; H Sotani; T Souradeep; E Sowell; A P Spencer; A K Srivastava; V Srivastava; K Staats; C Stachie; M Standke; D A Steer; M Steinke; J Steinlechner; S Steinlechner; D Steinmeyer; S P Stevenson; D Stocks; R Stone; D J Stops; K A Strain; G Stratta; S E Strigin; A Strunk; R Sturani; A L Stuver; V Sudhir; R Sugimoto; T Z Summerscales; L Sun; S Sunil; J Suresh; P J Sutton; Takamasa Suzuki; Toshikazu Suzuki; B L Swinkels; M J Szczepańczyk; M Tacca; H Tagoshi; S C Tait; H Takahashi; R Takahashi; A Takamori; S Takano; H Takeda; M Takeda; C Talbot; D Talukder; H Tanaka; Kazuyuki Tanaka; Kenta Tanaka; Taiki Tanaka; Takahiro Tanaka; S Tanioka; D B Tanner; M Tápai; E N Tapia San Martin; A Taracchini; J D Tasson; R Taylor; S Telada; F Thies; M Thomas; P Thomas; S R Thondapu; K A Thorne; E Thrane; Shubhanshu Tiwari; Srishti Tiwari; V Tiwari; K Toland; T Tomaru; Y Tomigami; T Tomura; M Tonelli; Z Tornasi; A Torres-Forné; C I Torrie; D Töyrä; F Travasso; G Traylor; M C Tringali; A Trovato; L Trozzo; R Trudeau; K W Tsang; T T L Tsang; M Tse; R Tso; K Tsubono; S Tsuchida; L Tsukada; D Tsuna; T Tsuzuki; D Tuyenbayev; N Uchikata; T Uchiyama; A Ueda; T Uehara; K Ueno; G Ueshima; D Ugolini; C S Unnikrishnan; F Uraguchi; A L Urban; T Ushiba; S A Usman; H Vahlbruch; G Vajente; G Valdes; N van Bakel; M van Beuzekom; J F J van den Brand; C Van Den Broeck; D C Vander-Hyde; L van der Schaaf; J V van Heijningen; M H P M van Putten; A A van Veggel; M Vardaro; V Varma; S Vass; M Vasúth; A Vecchio; G Vedovato; J Veitch; P J Veitch; K Venkateswara; G Venugopalan; D Verkindt; F Vetrano; A Viceré; A D Viets; D J Vine; J-Y Vinet; S Vitale; Francisco Hernandez Vivanco; T Vo; H Vocca; C Vorvick; S P Vyatchanin; A R Wade; L E Wade; M Wade; R Walet; M Walker; L Wallace; S Walsh; G Wang; H Wang; J Wang; J Z Wang; W H Wang; Y F Wang; R L Ward; Z A Warden; J Warner; M Was; J Watchi; B Weaver; L-W Wei; M Weinert; A J Weinstein; R Weiss; F Wellmann; L Wen; E K Wessel; P Weßels; J W Westhouse; K Wette; J T Whelan; B F Whiting; C Whittle; D M Wilken; D Williams; A R Williamson; J L Willis; B Willke; M H Wimmer; W Winkler; C C Wipf; H Wittel; G Woan; J Woehler; J K Wofford; J Worden; J L Wright; C M Wu; D S Wu; H C Wu; S R Wu; D M Wysocki; L Xiao; W R Xu; T Yamada; H Yamamoto; Kazuhiro Yamamoto; Kohei Yamamoto; T Yamamoto; C C Yancey; L Yang; M J Yap; M Yazback; D W Yeeles; K Yokogawa; J Yokoyama; T Yokozawa; T Yoshioka; Hang Yu; Haocun Yu; S H R Yuen; H Yuzurihara; M Yvert; A K Zadrożny; M Zanolin; S Zeidler; T Zelenova; J-P Zendri; M Zevin; J Zhang; L Zhang; T Zhang; C Zhao; Y Zhao; M Zhou; Z Zhou; X J Zhu; Z H Zhu; A B Zimmerman; M E Zucker; J Zweizig; KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration

doi:10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9

Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA

Living Rev Relativ. 2020;23(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9. Epub 2020 Sep 28.

Authors

B P Abbott¹, R Abbott¹, T D Abbott², S Abraham³, F Acernese^{4

5}, K Ackley⁶, C Adams⁷, V B Adya^{8

9}, C Affeldt^{8

9}, M Agathos¹⁰, K Agatsuma¹¹, N Aggarwal¹², O D Aguiar¹³, L Aiello^{14

15}, A Ain³, P Ajith¹⁶, T Akutsu¹⁷, G Allen¹⁸, A Allocca^{19

20}, M A Aloy²¹, P A Altin²², A Amato²³, A Ananyeva¹, S B Anderson¹, W G Anderson²⁴, M Ando^{25

26}, S V Angelova²⁷, S Antier²⁸, S Appert¹, K Arai¹, Koya Arai²⁹, Y Arai²⁹, S Araki³⁰, A Araya³¹, M C Araya¹, J S Areeda³², M Arène³³, N Aritomi²⁵, N Arnaud^{28

34}, K G Arun³⁵, S Ascenzi^{36

37}, G Ashton⁶, Y Aso^{38

39}, S M Aston⁷, P Astone⁴⁰, F Aubin⁴¹, P Aufmuth⁹, K AultONeal⁴², C Austin², V Avendano⁴³, A Avila-Alvarez³², S Babak^{33

44}, P Bacon³³, F Badaracco^{14

15}, M K M Bader⁴⁵, S W Bae⁴⁶, Y B Bae⁴⁷, L Baiotti⁴⁸, R Bajpai⁴⁹, P T Baker⁵⁰, F Baldaccini^{51

52}, G Ballardin³⁴, S W Ballmer⁵³, S Banagiri⁵⁴, J C Barayoga¹, S E Barclay⁵⁵, B C Barish¹, D Barker⁵⁶, K Barkett⁵⁷, S Barnum¹², F Barone^{4

5}, B Barr⁵⁵, L Barsotti¹², M Barsuglia³³, D Barta⁵⁸, J Bartlett⁵⁶, M A Barton^{17

55}, I Bartos⁵⁹, R Bassiri⁶⁰, A Basti^{19

20}, M Bawaj^{52

61}, J C Bayley⁵⁵, M Bazzan^{62

63}, B Bécsy⁶⁴, M Bejger^{33

65}, I Belahcene²⁸, A S Bell⁵⁵, D Beniwal⁶⁶, B K Berger⁶⁰, G Bergmann^{8

9}, S Bernuzzi^{67

68}, J J Bero⁶⁹, C P L Berry⁷⁰, D Bersanetti⁷¹, A Bertolini⁴⁵, J Betzwieser⁷, R Bhandare⁷², J Bidler³², I A Bilenko⁷³, S A Bilgili⁵⁰, G Billingsley¹, J Birch⁷, R Birney²⁷, O Birnholtz⁶⁹, S Biscans^{1

12}, S Biscoveanu⁶, A Bisht⁹, M Bitossi^{20

34}, M A Bizouard²⁸, J K Blackburn¹, C D Blair⁷, D G Blair⁷⁴, R M Blair⁵⁶, S Bloemen⁷⁵, N Bode^{8

9}, M Boer⁷⁶, Y Boetzel⁷⁷, G Bogaert⁷⁶, F Bondu⁷⁸, E Bonilla⁶⁰, R Bonnand⁴¹, P Booker^{8

9}, B A Boom⁴⁵, C D Booth⁷⁹, R Bork¹, V Boschi³⁴, S Bose^{3

80}, K Bossie⁷, V Bossilkov⁷⁴, J Bosveld⁷⁴, Y Bouffanais³³, A Bozzi³⁴, C Bradaschia²⁰, P R Brady²⁴, A Bramley⁷, M Branchesi^{14

15}, J E Brau⁸¹, T Briant⁸², J H Briggs⁵⁵, F Brighenti^{83

84}, A Brillet⁷⁶, M Brinkmann^{8

9}, V Brisson²⁸, P Brockill²⁴, A F Brooks¹, D A Brown⁵³, D D Brown⁶⁶, S Brunett¹, A Buikema¹², T Bulik⁸⁵, H J Bulten^{45

86}, A Buonanno^{44

87}, D Buskulic⁴¹, C Buy³³, R L Byer⁶⁰, M Cabero^{8

9}, L Cadonati⁸⁸, G Cagnoli^{23

89}, C Cahillane¹, J Calderón Bustillo⁶, T A Callister¹, E Calloni^{5

90}, J B Camp⁹¹, W A Campbell⁶, M Canepa^{71

92}, K Cannon²⁶, K C Cannon²⁶, H Cao⁶⁶, J Cao⁹³, E Capocasa^{17

33}, F Carbognani³⁴, S Caride⁹⁴, M F Carney⁷⁰, G Carullo¹⁹, J Casanueva Diaz²⁰, C Casentini^{36

37}, S Caudill⁴⁵, M Cavaglià⁹⁵, F Cavalier²⁸, R Cavalieri³⁴, G Cella²⁰, P Cerdá-Durán²¹, G Cerretani^{19

20}, E Cesarini^{37

96}, O Chaibi⁷⁶, K Chakravarti³, S J Chamberlin⁹⁷, M Chan⁵⁵, M L Chan⁹⁸, S Chao⁹⁹, P Charlton¹⁰⁰, E A Chase⁷⁰, E Chassande-Mottin³³, D Chatterjee²⁴, M Chaturvedi⁷², K Chatziioannou¹⁰¹, B D Cheeseboro⁵⁰, C S Chen¹⁰², H Y Chen¹⁰³, K H Chen¹⁰⁴, X Chen⁷⁴, Y Chen⁵⁷, Y R Chen^{105

106}, H-P Cheng⁵⁹, C K Cheong¹⁰⁷, H Y Chia⁵⁹, A Chincarini⁷¹, A Chiummo³⁴, G Cho¹⁰⁸, H S Cho¹⁰⁹, M Cho⁸⁷, N Christensen^{76

110}, H Y Chu¹⁰⁴, Q Chu⁷⁴, Y K Chu¹¹¹, S Chua⁸², K W Chung¹⁰⁷, S Chung⁷⁴, G Ciani^{62

63}, A A Ciobanu⁶⁶, R Ciolfi^{112

113}, F Cipriano⁷⁶, A Cirone^{71

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36

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52

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226}, R Trudeau¹, K W Tsang⁴⁵, T T L Tsang¹⁰⁷, M Tse¹², R Tso⁵⁷, K Tsubono²⁵, S Tsuchida¹⁵⁷, L Tsukada²⁶, D Tsuna²⁶, T Tsuzuki¹³⁷, D Tuyenbayev^{121

147}, N Uchikata²²⁷, T Uchiyama¹⁴⁹, A Ueda¹⁴⁶, T Uehara^{59

228}, K Ueno²⁶, G Ueshima²²³, D Ugolini²²⁹, C S Unnikrishnan¹⁴³, F Uraguchi¹³⁷, A L Urban², T Ushiba²⁹, S A Usman⁷⁹, H Vahlbruch⁹, G Vajente¹, G Valdes², N van Bakel⁴⁵, M van Beuzekom⁴⁵, J F J van den Brand^{45

86}, C Van Den Broeck^{45

230}, D C Vander-Hyde⁵³, L van der Schaaf⁴⁵, J V van Heijningen⁷⁴, M H P M van Putten²³¹, A A van Veggel⁵⁵, M Vardaro^{62

63}, V Varma⁵⁷, S Vass¹, M Vasúth⁵⁸, A Vecchio¹¹, G Vedovato⁶³, J Veitch⁵⁵, P J Veitch⁶⁶, K Venkateswara²⁰⁹, G Venugopalan¹, D Verkindt⁴¹, F Vetrano^{83

84}, A Viceré^{83

84}, A D Viets²⁴, D J Vine²¹⁰, J-Y Vinet⁷⁶, S Vitale¹², Francisco Hernandez Vivanco⁶, T Vo⁵³, H Vocca^{51

52}, C Vorvick⁵⁶, S P Vyatchanin⁷³, A R Wade¹, L E Wade¹³³, M Wade¹³³, R Walet⁴⁵, M Walker³², L Wallace¹, S Walsh²⁴, G Wang^{14

20}, H Wang¹¹, J Wang¹⁴¹, J Z Wang¹⁴⁵, W H Wang¹²¹, Y F Wang¹⁰⁷, R L Ward²², Z A Warden⁴², J Warner⁵⁶, M Was⁴¹, J Watchi¹¹⁷, B Weaver⁵⁶, L-W Wei^{8

9}, M Weinert^{8

9}, A J Weinstein¹, R Weiss¹², F Wellmann^{8

9}, L Wen⁷⁴, E K Wessel¹⁸, P Weßels^{8

9}, J W Westhouse⁴², K Wette²², J T Whelan⁶⁹, B F Whiting⁵⁹, C Whittle¹², D M Wilken^{8

9}, D Williams⁵⁵, A R Williamson^{45

151}, J L Willis¹, B Willke^{8

9}, M H Wimmer^{8

9}, W Winkler^{8

9}, C C Wipf¹, H Wittel^{8

9}, G Woan⁵⁵, J Woehler^{8

9}, J K Wofford⁶⁹, J Worden⁵⁶, J L Wright⁵⁵, C M Wu^{105

106}, D S Wu^{8

9}, H C Wu^{105

106}, S R Wu^{105

106}, D M Wysocki⁶⁹, L Xiao¹, W R Xu¹¹¹, T Yamada¹⁵⁴, H Yamamoto¹, Kazuhiro Yamamoto¹³¹, Kohei Yamamoto¹⁵⁴, T Yamamoto¹⁴⁹, C C Yancey⁸⁷, L Yang¹³², M J Yap²², M Yazback⁵⁹, D W Yeeles⁷⁹, K Yokogawa¹³¹, J Yokoyama^{25

26}, T Yokozawa¹⁴⁹, T Yoshioka¹³¹, Hang Yu¹², Haocun Yu¹², S H R Yuen¹⁰⁷, H Yuzurihara²⁹, M Yvert⁴¹, A K Zadrożny^{121

176}, M Zanolin⁴², S Zeidler¹⁷, T Zelenova³⁴, J-P Zendri⁶³, M Zevin⁷⁰, J Zhang⁷⁴, L Zhang¹, T Zhang⁵⁵, C Zhao⁷⁴, Y Zhao¹⁷, M Zhou⁷⁰, Z Zhou⁷⁰, X J Zhu⁶, Z H Zhu²³², A B Zimmerman²³³, M E Zucker^{1

12}, J Zweizig¹; KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration

Affiliations

¹ LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
² Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
³ Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India.
⁴ Università di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
⁵ INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
⁶ OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia.
⁷ LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA.
⁸ Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany.
⁹ Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
¹⁰ University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN UK.
¹¹ University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK.
¹² LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
¹³ Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil.
¹⁴ Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
¹⁵ INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy.
¹⁶ International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560089 India.
¹⁷ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan.
¹⁸ NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
¹⁹ Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
²⁰ INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
²¹ Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València Spain.
²² OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia.
²³ Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
²⁴ University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
²⁵ Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan.
²⁶ Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan.
²⁷ SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ UK.
²⁸ LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France.
²⁹ Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan.
³⁰ Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan.
³¹ Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1,Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032 Japan.
³² California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA.
³³ APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
³⁴ European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy.
³⁵ Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai, 603103 India.
³⁶ Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
³⁷ INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
³⁸ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka Branch, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu Pref. Japan.
³⁹ The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan.
⁴⁰ INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
⁴¹ Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France.
⁴² Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA.
⁴³ Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA.
⁴⁴ Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
⁴⁵ Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁶ Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), 245 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Korea.
⁴⁷ National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 70, Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34047 Korea.
⁴⁸ Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 560-0043 Japan.
⁴⁹ School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan.
⁵⁰ West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
⁵¹ Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
⁵² INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
⁵³ Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
⁵⁴ University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
⁵⁵ SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK.
⁵⁶ LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
⁵⁷ Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
⁵⁸ Wigner RCP, RMKI, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, 1121 Hungary.
⁵⁹ University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
⁶⁰ Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
⁶¹ Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
⁶² Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
⁶³ INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
⁶⁴ Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
⁶⁵ Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland.
⁶⁶ OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia.
⁶⁷ Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
⁶⁸ INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
⁶⁹ Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
⁷⁰ Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
⁷¹ INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy.
⁷² RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013 India.
⁷³ Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119991.
⁷⁴ OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia.
⁷⁵ Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁷⁶ Artemis, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France.
⁷⁷ Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
⁷⁸ Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR6082, 3500 Rennes, France.
⁷⁹ Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK.
⁸⁰ Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
⁸¹ University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
⁸² Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS,ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France.
⁸³ Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', 61029 Urbino, Italy.
⁸⁴ INFN, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy.
⁸⁵ Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland.
⁸⁶ VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸⁷ University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.
⁸⁸ School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
⁸⁹ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
⁹⁰ Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
⁹¹ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
⁹² Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
⁹³ Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China.
⁹⁴ Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
⁹⁵ The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA.
⁹⁶ Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", 00184 Rome, Italy.
⁹⁷ The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA.
⁹⁸ Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan.
⁹⁹ National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, ROC.
¹⁰⁰ Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
¹⁰¹ Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada.
¹⁰² Tamkang University, No.151, Yingzhuan Rd., Danshui Dist., New Taipei City, 25137 Taiwan.
¹⁰³ University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
¹⁰⁴ Department of Physics, The Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongyi District, Taiyuan City, 320 Taiwan.
¹⁰⁵ Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan.
¹⁰⁶ Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan.
¹⁰⁷ The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong.
¹⁰⁸ Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea.
¹⁰⁹ Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea.
¹¹⁰ Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057 USA.
¹¹¹ Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 section 4 Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 116 Taiwan.
¹¹² INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy.
¹¹³ INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
¹¹⁴ OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia.
¹¹⁵ Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.
¹¹⁶ Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3-IEEC, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
¹¹⁷ Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
¹¹⁸ Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928 USA.
¹¹⁹ Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València Spain.
¹²⁰ University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
¹²¹ The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA.
¹²² Bellevue College, Bellevue, WA 98007 USA.
¹²³ MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary.
¹²⁴ Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428 India.
¹²⁵ The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK.
¹²⁶ IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
¹²⁷ Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche,Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
¹²⁸ California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.
¹²⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
¹³⁰ Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', 00185 Roma, Italy.
¹³¹ Department of Physics, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555 Japan.
¹³² Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA.
¹³³ Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022 USA.
¹³⁴ Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
¹³⁵ Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, València Spain.
¹³⁶ Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan.
¹³⁷ Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan.
¹³⁸ School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD UK.
¹³⁹ Institute Of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, 382426 India.
¹⁴⁰ Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076 India.
¹⁴¹ Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, West No. 30, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan, 430071 China.
¹⁴² University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary.
¹⁴³ Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005 India.
¹⁴⁴ INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
¹⁴⁵ University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
¹⁴⁶ Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan.
¹⁴⁷ Academia Sinica, Institute of Physics, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan.
¹⁴⁸ American University, Washington, DC 20016 USA.
¹⁴⁹ Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan.
¹⁵⁰ College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1,Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba 275-8575 Japan.
¹⁵¹ GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
¹⁵² Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, Science Park 904, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
¹⁵³ Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan.
¹⁵⁴ Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan.
¹⁵⁵ Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871 China.
¹⁵⁶ Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, KitaShirakawa, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan.
¹⁵⁷ Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585 Japan.
¹⁵⁸ Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto-cho,Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585 Japan.
¹⁵⁹ JAXA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan.
¹⁶⁰ Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai, 400094 India.
¹⁶¹ University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland.
¹⁶² King's College London, University of London, London, WC2R 2LS UK.
¹⁶³ University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK.
¹⁶⁴ Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919 South Korea.
¹⁶⁵ Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 Japan.
¹⁶⁶ University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA 98011 USA.
¹⁶⁷ Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950.
¹⁶⁸ Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 South Korea.
¹⁶⁹ Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Korea.
¹⁷⁰ Inje University, Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834 South Korea.
¹⁷¹ Department of Computer Simulation, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do 50834 Korea.
¹⁷² Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
¹⁷³ Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
¹⁷⁴ Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-shi, Hiroshima 903-0213 Japan.
¹⁷⁵ Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan.
¹⁷⁶ NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland.
¹⁷⁷ Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland.
¹⁷⁸ Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
¹⁷⁹ Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan.
¹⁸⁰ Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, MI 49242 USA.
¹⁸¹ Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 South Korea.
¹⁸² Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon, 34055 South Korea.
¹⁸³ National Applied Research Laboratories, National Center for High-performance computing, No. 7, R&D 6th Rd., Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City, 30076 Taiwan.
¹⁸⁴ NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA.
¹⁸⁵ Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy.
¹⁸⁶ INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy.
¹⁸⁷ ESPCI, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
¹⁸⁸ OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia.
¹⁸⁹ University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX UK.
¹⁹⁰ Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA.
¹⁹¹ College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA.
¹⁹² Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine Ier, 98000 Monaco, Monaco.
¹⁹³ Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 Japan.
¹⁹⁴ Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 India.
¹⁹⁵ The Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 4-2-1, Nukuikita-machi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8795 Japan.
¹⁹⁶ INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy.
¹⁹⁷ Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, 91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France.
¹⁹⁸ Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, 67 Fukakusa Tsukamoto-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8577 Japan.
¹⁹⁹ Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, KitaShirakawa, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan.
²⁰⁰ IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252 India.
²⁰¹ Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan.
²⁰² Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA.
²⁰³ Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan.
²⁰⁴ Department of Physics, Sogang University, One Sinsu-Dong, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 121-742 Korea.
²⁰⁵ Université de Lyon, 69361 Lyon, France.
²⁰⁶ Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456 USA.
²⁰⁷ Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
²⁰⁸ Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland.
²⁰⁹ University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
²¹⁰ SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE UK.
²¹¹ Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan.
²¹² Department of Electronic Control Engineering, Nagaoka College, National Institute of Technology, 888 Nishikatakai, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-8532 Japan.
²¹³ Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, 3-7-2, Kajino-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8584 Japan.
²¹⁴ Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba Japan.
²¹⁵ Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382424 India.
²¹⁶ Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada.
²¹⁷ Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Kitayama 1-79-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0196 Japan.
²¹⁸ Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Khandi, Telangana 502285 India.
²¹⁹ Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan.
²²⁰ International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil.
²²¹ Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA.
²²² Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA.
²²³ Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188 Japan.
²²⁴ National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, National Metrology Institute of Japan, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan.
²²⁵ Max Planck Institute for Gravitational physik (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
²²⁶ Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
²²⁷ Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan.
²²⁸ Department of Communications, National Defense Academy of Japan, Hashirimizu 1-10-20, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa-Pref 239-8686 Japan.
²²⁹ Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA.
²³⁰ Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
²³¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747 South Korea.
²³² Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China.
²³³ Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA.

Abstract

We present our current best estimate of the plausible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next several years, with the intention of providing information to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals for the third (O3), fourth (O4) and fifth observing (O5) runs, including the planned upgrades of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source for gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary systems of compact objects, that is binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems. The ability to localize the sources is given as a sky-area probability, luminosity distance, and comoving volume. The median sky localization area (90% credible region) is expected to be a few hundreds of square degrees for all types of binary systems during O3 with the Advanced LIGO and Virgo (HLV) network. The median sky localization area will improve to a few tens of square degrees during O4 with the Advanced LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (HLVK) network. During O3, the median localization volume (90% credible region) is expected to be on the order of $10^{5}, 10^{6}, 10^{7} {Mpc}^{3}$ for binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems, respectively. The localization volume in O4 is expected to be about a factor two smaller than in O3. We predict a detection count of $1_{- 1}^{+ 12}$ ( $10_{- 10}^{+ 52}$ ) for binary neutron star mergers, of $0_{- 0}^{+ 19}$ ( $1_{- 1}^{+ 91}$ ) for neutron star-black hole mergers, and $17_{- 11}^{+ 22}$ ( $79_{- 44}^{+ 89}$ ) for binary black hole mergers in a one-calendar-year observing run of the HLV network during O3 (HLVK network during O4). We evaluate sensitivity and localization expectations for unmodeled signal searches, including the search for intermediate mass black hole binary mergers.

Keywords: Data analysis; Electromagnetic counterparts; Gravitational waves; Gravitational-wave detectors.

Publication types

Review