Co-ingested vinegar-soaked or preloaded dried apple mitigated acute postprandial glycemia of rice meal in healthy subjects under equicarbohydrate conditions

Nutr Res. 2020 Nov:83:108-118. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.09.003. Epub 2020 Sep 10.

Abstract

This study investigated 2 possible approaches to dietary control of acute postprandial responses to a rice-based meal under equicarbohydrate conditions: (1) a dried apple (DA) preload and (2) co-ingestion of vinegar-soaked DA. We hypothesized that both approaches would counteract hyperglycemia with no negative effect on satiety, possibly explained by an inhibitory effect on digestive enzyme activity and/or the effect of the sugar component of the DA. Fifteen healthy female subjects consumed (1) rice, (2) co-ingestion of DA and rice (DA + R), (3) DA preload and rice (PDA + R), (4) rice with sugar solution (same sugar profile as in DA) preloaded (PSS + R), or (5) co-ingestion of rice with vinegar-soaked DA (VDA + R) in a randomized crossover trial. Acute postprandial glycemic response tests and subjective satiety tests were conducted for each test meal. Compared with rice reference, the PA + R and PSS + R achieved 31.4% and 36.3% reduction of the incremental area under the curve0-120, 24.3% and 27.0% decreases in the average glucose peak, along with 21.6% and 27.0% decreases in glycemic excursion in 240 minutes, whereas the VDA + R resulted 42.4%, 27.0%, and 29.7% reductions in the incremental area under the curve0-120, peak, and glycemic excursion, respectively. The DA-containing meals had no effect or a favorable effect on satiety. The in vitro assay found larger resistant starch and smaller rapid digestible starch fractions in DA + R and VDA + R meals compared to those of the rice reference (P < .001). The result of this study supported the research hypothesis, and the DA-containing meals could be considered as a potential dietary approach for glycemic management.

Keywords: Dried apple; Glycemic response; Preload; Rice meal; Satiety; Vinegar.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetic Acid*
  • Blood Glucose / analysis*
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Dietary Carbohydrates*
  • Female
  • Food, Preserved
  • Fruit*
  • Glycemic Index
  • Humans
  • Malus*
  • Meals
  • Oryza*
  • Postprandial Period
  • Satiation
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Dietary Carbohydrates
  • Acetic Acid