Incidence and outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Eur J Cancer. 2020 Nov:140:140-146. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.09.018. Epub 2020 Oct 20.

Abstract

Background: Patients with cancer are at increased risk of complicated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but it is still unclear if the risk of mortality is influenced by cancer type or ongoing anti-cancer treatments. An interesting debate concerning the potential relationship between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and SARS-CoV-2 infection has recently been opened in the case of prostate cancer (PC), and the aim of this multi-centre cohort study was to investigate the incidence and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostrate cancer (mCRPC).

Patients and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with mCRPC who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recorded their baseline clinical characteristics, their history of PC and SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their oncological status and treatment at the time of infection. The primary study end point was the death rate and the possible impact of the patients' PC-related history and treatments on mortality.

Results: Thirty-four of the 1433 patients with mCRPC attending the participating centres (2.3%) developed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22 (64.7%) of whom were hospitalised. Most of the patients were symptomatic, the most frequent symptoms being fever (70.6%), dyspnoea (61.8%), cough (52.9%) and fatigue (38.2%). After a median follow-up of 21 days (interquartile range: 13-41), 13 patients had died (38.2%), 17 recovered (50.0%) and four (11.7%) were still infected. The number of treatments previously administered for mCRPC had a significant impact on mortality (p = 0.004).

Conclusions: Our findings contribute additional data to the current debate concerning the postulated protective role of ADT, which seems to be less in patients with metastatic PC.

Keywords: Androgen deprivation therapy; COVID-19; Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; SARS-CoV-2 infection.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Betacoronavirus / isolation & purification*
  • Bone Neoplasms / epidemiology*
  • Bone Neoplasms / mortality*
  • Bone Neoplasms / secondary
  • Bone Neoplasms / virology
  • COVID-19
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Coronavirus Infections / complications*
  • Coronavirus Infections / transmission
  • Coronavirus Infections / virology
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Italy / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Pandemics
  • Pneumonia, Viral / complications*
  • Pneumonia, Viral / transmission
  • Pneumonia, Viral / virology
  • Prognosis
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / epidemiology*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / mortality*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / pathology
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / virology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Survival Rate