The quest for supernatural products: the impact of total synthesis in complex natural products medicinal chemistry

Nat Prod Rep. 2020 Nov 1;37(11):1511-1531. doi: 10.1039/d0np00060d. Epub 2020 Nov 10.

Abstract

Covering: 2000 up to 2020This review presents select recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of complex natural products that are prepared by total synthesis. The underlying studies highlight enabling divergent synthetic strategies and methods that permit the systematic medicinal chemistry studies of key analogues bearing deep-seated structural changes not readily accessible by semisynthetic or biosynthetic means. Select and recent examples are detailed where the key structural changes are designed to improve defined properties or to overcome an intrinsic limitation of the natural product itself. In the examples presented, the synthetic efforts provided supernatural products, a term first introduced by our colleague Ryan Shenvi (Synlett, 2016, 27, 1145-1164), with properties superseding the parent natural product. The design principles and approaches for creating the supernatural products are highlighted with an emphasis on the properties addressed that include those that improve activity or potency, increase selectivity, enhance durability, broaden the spectrum of activity, improve chemical or metabolic stability, overcome limiting physical properties, add mechanisms of action, enhance PK properties, overcome drug resistance, and/or improve in vivo efficacy. Some such improvements may be regarded by some as iterative enhancements whereas others, we believe, truly live up to their characterization as supernatural products. Most such efforts are also accompanied by advances in synthetic organic chemistry, inspiring the development of new synthetic methodology and providing supernatural products with improved synthetic accessibility.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Biological Products / chemistry*
  • Biological Products / pharmacology*
  • Biological Products / therapeutic use
  • Chemistry, Pharmaceutical*
  • Drug Discovery
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Biological Products