Peripheral immunological features of COVID-19 patients in Taizhou, China: A retrospective study

Clin Immunol. 2021 Jan:222:108642. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108642. Epub 2020 Nov 28.

Abstract

Background: Abnormal peripheral immunological features are associated with the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: Clinical and laboratory data were retrieved in a cohort of 146 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. Potential risk factors for the development of severe COVID-19 were evaluated.

Results: On admission, lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, eosinophils, and albumin and pre-albumin were dramatically lower, whereas neutrophils, and interleukin (IL)-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were significantly higher in severe cases. By the second week after discharge, all variables improved to normal levels. Covariate logistic regression results showed that the CD8+ cell count and CRP level were independent risk factors for severe COVID-19.

Conclusion: Lower peripheral immune cell subsets in patients with severe disease recovered to normal levels as early as the second week after discharge. CD8+ T cell counts and CRP levels on admission are independent predictive factors for severe COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Follow-up; Immune cells; Predictive factor; Severity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology*
  • COVID-19 / immunology*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • China / epidemiology
  • Cytokines / genetics
  • Cytokines / metabolism*
  • Eosinophils
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation / immunology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • SARS-CoV-2*
  • Serum Albumin
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • T-Lymphocytes / classification*
  • T-Lymphocytes / physiology*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Cytokines
  • Serum Albumin