Holistic Type Extension for Classical Logic via Toffoli Quantum Gate

Entropy (Basel). 2019 Jun 27;21(7):636. doi: 10.3390/e21070636.

Abstract

A holistic extension of classical propositional logic is introduced via Toffoli quantum gate. This extension is based on the framework of the so-called "quantum computation with mixed states", where also irreversible transformations are taken into account. Formal aspects of this new logical system are detailed: in particular, the concepts of tautology and contradiction are investigated in this extension. These concepts turn out to receive substantial changes due to the non-separability of some quantum states; as an example, Werner states emerge as particular cases of "holistic" contradiction.

Keywords: fuzzy logic; quantum Toffoli gate; quantum computational logic.