Nephrosplenic Space Ablation in Horses After Homologous Pericardium Implant Using a Laparoscopic Stapler

This study aimed to describe and evaluate a laparoscopic technique to promote nephrosplenic space ablation in horses using a homologous pericardium implant, preserved in 98% glycerin and fixed using laparoscopic polydioxanone staples. In this experimental study, six Arabian horses without previous related abdominal diseases were used. The surgical procedures were performed in the standing position under sedation with alpha-2 agonists and opioids, associated with local infiltration of the local anesthetic in the portal sites. The horses were restrained in a stock, and the left flanks were clipped and aseptically prepared. Three portals were created on the left flank, and the homologous pericardium implant, measuring 10 × 5 cm, was introduced into the abdominal cavity covering the nephrosplenic space, positioned between the dorsal border of the spleen and perirenal fascia, fixed with polydioxanone staples using a laparoscopic stapler. Physical examination and blood and peritoneal fluid sample collection were performed on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 of the postoperative period, and an exploratory laparoscopy was performed on day 60 to assess the effectiveness of the technique and eventual complications. There were no difficulties or significant complications during the surgical procedure, and the total average time to perform was 49.83 minutes (±10.19). In the postoperative period, there was a significant increase (P < .05) in the plasma fibrinogen concentration on days 7 and 14 compared with the preoperative moment. The total nucleated cell count in the peritoneal fluid increased (P < .05) on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30. After 60 days of the surgical procedure, the physical examination and laboratory data were within the normal range. Exploratory laparoscopy performed on day 60 revealed complete occlusion of the nephrosplenic space, and it was not possible to differentiate the pericardium implant from the scar tissue, not even in the histological evaluation performed on the collected samples. In two horses, omentum adhesion was observed in the region where the implant was fixed, and in two others, a synechia was observed between the implant area and mesocolon without association with clinical complications. The animals were followed up for 36 months at surgery, and no colic signs were observed along this period. It was concluded that the technique of ablation of the nephrosplenic space, using homologous pericardium preserved in 98% glycerin, fixed by polydioxanone staples by laparoscopy, was simple to perform, effective, and free of clinical complications during the period of evaluation, and its use may be indicated as a surgical option in clinical cases of horses with recurrent nephrosplenic entrapment.