1 Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
2 Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
3 Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Office of the Chief Medical Information Officer, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.