Mapping risk of ischemic heart disease using machine learning in a Brazilian state

PLoS One. 2020 Dec 10;15(12):e0243558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243558. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of deaths globally. Machine learning studies predicting mortality rates for ischemic heart disease (IHD) at the municipal level are very limited. The goal of this paper was to create and validate a Heart Health Care Index (HHCI) to predict risk of IHD based on location and risk factors. Secondary data, geographical information system (GIS) and machine learning were used to validate the HHCI and stratify the IHD municipality risk in the state of Paraná. A positive spatial autocorrelation was found (Moran's I = 0.6472, p-value = 0.001), showing clusters of high IHD mortality. The Support Vector Machine, which had an RMSE of 0.789 and error proportion close to one (0.867), was the best for prediction among eight machine learning algorithms after validation. In the north and northwest regions of the state, HHCI was low and mortality clusters patterns were high. By creating an HHCI through ML, we can predict IHD mortality rate at municipal level, identifying predictive characteristics that impact health conditions of these localities' guided health management decisions for improvements for IHD within the emergency care network in the state of Paraná.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Brazil / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Machine Learning
  • Models, Theoretical
  • Myocardial Ischemia / epidemiology*
  • Myocardial Ischemia / mortality*
  • Myocardial Ischemia / prevention & control
  • Risk Assessment / methods*
  • Risk Factors

Grants and funding

This study received support in the form of the following grant, awarded to LA and MB: Government Agency - Grant number 028/2017, Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS (PPSUS), 2015 edition, Fundação Araucária-PR / SESA-PR / CNPq / MS-Decit; http://www.fappr.pr.gov.br/sites/fundacao-araucaria/arquivos_restritos/files/documento/2020-06/2017_atode_031_resultadocp0116.pdf.