Characteristics, comorbidities and survival analysis of young adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York City

PLoS One. 2020 Dec 14;15(12):e0243343. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243343. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

This study reviewed 395 young adults, 18-35 year-old, admitted for COVID-19 to one of the eleven hospitals in New York City public health system. Demographics, comorbidities, clinical course, outcomes and characteristics linked to hospitalization were analyzed including temporal survival analysis. Fifty-seven percent of patients had a least one major comorbidity. Mortality without comorbidity was in 3.8% patients. Further investigation of admission features and medical history was conducted. Comorbidities associated with mortality were diabetes (n = 54 deceased/73 diagnosed,74% tested POS;98.2% with diabetic history deceased; Wilcoxon p (Wp) = .044), hypertension (14/44,32% POS, 25.5%; Wp = 0.030), renal (6/16, 37.5% POS,11%; Wp = 0.000), and cardiac (6/21, 28.6% POS,11%; Wp = 0.015). Kaplan survival plots were statistically significant for these four indicators. Data suggested glucose >215 or hemoglobin A1c >9.5 for young adults on admission was associated with increased mortality. Clinically documented respiratory distress on admission was statistically significant outcome related to mortality (X2 = 236.6842, df = 1, p < .0001). Overall, 28.9% required supportive oxygen beyond nasal cannula. Nasal cannula oxygen alone was required for 71.1%, who all lived. Non-invasive ventilation was required for 7.8%, and invasive mechanical ventilation 21.0% (in which 7.3% lived, 13.7% died). Temporal survival analysis demonstrated statistically significant response for Time to Death <10 days (X2 = 18.508, df = 1, p = .000); risk lessened considerably for 21 day cut off (X2 = 3.464, df = 1, p = .063), followed by 31 or more days of hospitalization (X2 = 2.212, df = 1, p = .137).

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • COVID-19 / mortality*
  • COVID-19 / pathology
  • COVID-19 / therapy
  • COVID-19 / virology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / complications
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / mortality
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / therapy
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / virology
  • Diabetes Complications / complications
  • Diabetes Complications / mortality*
  • Diabetes Complications / pathology
  • Diabetes Complications / virology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / complications
  • Hypertension / mortality*
  • Hypertension / therapy
  • Hypertension / virology
  • Kidney Diseases / complications
  • Kidney Diseases / mortality
  • Kidney Diseases / therapy
  • Kidney Diseases / virology
  • Male
  • New York City / epidemiology
  • Oxygen / therapeutic use
  • Pandemics
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / complications
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / mortality
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / therapy
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / virology
  • SARS-CoV-2 / pathogenicity*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Oxygen

Grants and funding

The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.