A Screen-Printed Electrode Modified With Graphene/Co3O4 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Detection of Tramadol

Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian; Somayeh Tajik; Behnaz Aflatoonian; Hadi Beitollahi; Kaiqiang Zhang; Quyet Van Le; Joo Hwan Cha; Ho Won Jang; Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr; Wanxi Peng

doi:10.3389/fchem.2020.562308

A Screen-Printed Electrode Modified With Graphene/Co₃O₄ Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Detection of Tramadol

Front Chem. 2020 Nov 30:8:562308. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.562308. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian^{1

2}, Somayeh Tajik³, Behnaz Aflatoonian¹, Hadi Beitollahi⁴, Kaiqiang Zhang⁵, Quyet Van Le⁶, Joo Hwan Cha⁷, Ho Won Jang⁵, Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr⁵, Wanxi Peng^{8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
² Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
³ Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
⁴ Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
⁵ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
⁶ Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
⁷ Innovative Enterprise Cooperation Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
⁸ College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
⁹ School of Automotive Engineering, Huanghe Jiaotong University, Jiaozuo, China.

Abstract

In this paper, graphene (Gr)/Co₃O₄ nanocomposite was synthesized and utilized for the development of a novel electrochemical sensor to detect tramadol. Tramadol determination was examined by linear sweep voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry on Gr/Co₃O₄ nanocomposite-modified screen-printed electrode (Gr/Co₃O₄/SPE) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Under the optimized condition, the detection limit of tramadol is 0.03 μM (S/N = 3) in the linear ranges of 0.1-500.0 μM. Furthermore, Gr/Co₃O₄/SPE was satisfactorily utilized to detect tramadol in tramadol tablet and urine specimens.

Keywords: electrochemical sensor; graphene/Co3O4 nanocomposite; nanomaterials; screen printed electrode; tramadol.