Clinical features and laboratory characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19: single centre report from Egypt

J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020 Dec 31;14(12):1352-1360. doi: 10.3855/jidc.13156.

Abstract

Introduction: The recently discovered novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged in Wuhan, China, since January 2020. Egypt reported a low incidence of infection when compared with other countries. The aim of the study was to assess the characterization of COVID-19 infection among the Egyptian population.

Methodology: Data were collected from a single COVID-19 quarantine hospital in Cairo. A total number of 195 cases were included with their clinical, laboratory, and radiological data.

Results: Three different age groups behaved differently for COVD-19 infection. The pediatric age group was asymptomatic entirely, the middle age group (18-50 years) were asymptomatic in 53.3% of cases, while 77.9% of those above 50 years were symptomatic (p ≤ 0.001). The latter group had a high incidence of COVID-pneumonia in (83.1%), and moderate to critical presentations were encountered in 66.3% of them. Neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio correlated directly with the age and case severity. C-reactive protein (CRP) and computed tomography scan chest (CT-chest) had added value on COVID-19 diagnosis in suspected cases.

Conclusions: In Egypt, patients above 50 years are at a higher risk for symptomatic COVID-19 infection and leaner for moderate to critical COVID-19 presentation. The triad of CT-chest, CRP, and N/L ratio could be an integrated panel for assessing disease severity.

Keywords: COVID-19; Egypt; SARS-CoV-2; age group; clinical presentation; coronavirus.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Asymptomatic Infections / epidemiology*
  • COVID-19 / diagnostic imaging*
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / physiopathology*
  • Child
  • Egypt / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Hospitalization*
  • Humans
  • Lymphocytes / cytology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neutrophils / cytology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Young Adult