Perinatal characteristics and early childhood follow up after ex-utero intrapartum treatment for head and neck teratomas by prenatal diagnosis

Prenat Diagn. 2021 Mar;41(4):497-504. doi: 10.1002/pd.5894. Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Abstract

Background: Ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) is utilized for safe delivery when a baby has a compromised airway. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the indications and outcomes of 11 children presenting with airway occluding oropharyngeal and cervical teratomas.

Methods: Study of all children with an airway occluding teratoma delivered via EXIT (2001-2018) in our unit. Primary outcomes included survival and tracheostomy at discharge. Data are reported using descriptive statistics as median (range) and rate (%).

Results: We performed 45 EXIT procedure performed between January 2001 and April 2018. Of these, eleven were for cervical and/or upper airway teratoma. Ten (91%) cases had associated polyhydramnios, two (18%) developed nonimmune hydrops, and eight (72%) delivered preterm. Six (45.5%) were performed as an emergency. Estimated blood loss was 1000 ml (500, 1000). The neonatal mortality rate was 18% (2/11) and 33% (3/9) of the survivors were discharged with a tracheostomy.

Conclusion: EXIT is a reasonable option for delivery of babies with an occlusive upper airway mass. Neonatal survival depends on individualized factors but may be as high as 82% in those with teratoma.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aftercare / methods
  • Aftercare / statistics & numerical data
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures / methods
  • Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures / standards*
  • Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures / statistics & numerical data
  • Female
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / surgery
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
  • Male
  • Noninvasive Prenatal Testing / methods
  • Noninvasive Prenatal Testing / statistics & numerical data*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Teratoma / diagnosis*
  • Teratoma / surgery
  • Ultrasonography, Prenatal / methods