Leuprorelin combined with letrozole with/without everolimus in ovarian-suppressed premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: The LEO study

Eur J Cancer. 2021 Feb:144:341-350. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.044. Epub 2020 Dec 31.

Abstract

Purpose: In the randomised phase II LEO trial, we investigated the effect of adding everolimus (EVE) to letrozole (LET) in ovarian-suppressed premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2-) recurrent/metastatic breast cancer.

Methods: Patients with progression or prior exposure to tamoxifen with or without gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, either sequentially or concurrently, in adjuvant or metastatic setting were randomly assigned (2:1) to the EVE arm (leuprorelin + LET + EVE) or the LET arm (leuprorelin + LET) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end-points included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR) and safety.

Results: Between January 2014 and October 2018, 137 patients were enrolled (median age, 44 years [range, 24-56]). Of them, 75% had endocrine-sensitive disease, and 61% had visceral metastasis. With the median follow-up of 32.4 months, the median PFS was 18.1 months in the EVE arm and 13.8 months in the LET arm (HR 0.73, P = 0.137). Among patients with visceral metastases, the median PFS was significantly longer in the EVE arm (16.4 versus 9.5 months, P = 0.048). The median OS was not reached in both arms. The CBR was significantly higher in the EVE arm (83% versus 62%, P = 0.010). The ORR was similar between the two arms. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events in the EVE arm were neutropenia, alanine aminotransferase elevation and anaemia.

Conclusions: EVE plus LET with ovarian-suppression resulted in longer PFS in tamoxifen-exposed HR+, HER2- metastatic breast cancer patients with visceral metastasis.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Everolimus; Hormone receptor-positive; Premenopausal women.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial, Phase II
  • Multicenter Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use*
  • Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology
  • Everolimus / administration & dosage
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / agonists
  • Humans
  • Letrozole / administration & dosage
  • Leuprolide / administration & dosage
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / drug therapy*
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / metabolism
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology
  • Premenopause
  • Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / drug therapy*
  • Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / pathology
  • Prognosis
  • Receptor, ErbB-2 / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Estrogen / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Progesterone / metabolism*
  • Survival Rate
  • Tamoxifen / administration & dosage
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Receptors, Estrogen
  • Receptors, Progesterone
  • Tamoxifen
  • Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
  • Letrozole
  • Everolimus
  • Receptor, ErbB-2
  • Leuprolide