Unusual presentation of sarcoidosis, requiring a positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) for diagnosis

BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Jan 7;14(1):e237424. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237424.

Abstract

A 43-year-old man presented to hospital after routine laboratory tests showed an acute kidney injury and hypercalcaemia. He had no relevant medical history and normal physical examination, other than a 6-week history of lower back pain for which he had been taking naproxen. Low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels indicated a PTH-independent hypercalcaemia. Investigations including CT of thorax, abdomen and pelvis and subsequent bone biopsy and renal biopsy were unremarkable. Positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) scan was ultimately considered as a diagnostic test and showed abnormalities in the right subpectoral and portacaval region with intense fluorodeoxyglucose F 18 uptake in local lymph nodes. A biopsy of the right subpectoral node showed granulomatous change consistent with sarcoidosis. PET/CT scanning can play an important role in the investigation of suspected malignancy, infection and inflammatory disease and in this case, was required to diagnose an atypical presentation of sarcoidosis.

Keywords: calcium and bone; fluid electrolyte and acid-base disturbances; radiology.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Acute Kidney Injury / blood
  • Adult
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
  • Humans
  • Hypercalcemia / blood
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology
  • Male
  • Parathyroid Hormone / blood
  • Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography / methods*
  • Sarcoidosis / diagnosis*
  • Sarcoidosis / diagnostic imaging

Substances

  • Parathyroid Hormone
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18