Small cell carcinoma presenting as ocular paraneoplastic syndrome due to CRMP-5

Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2020 Oct;25(5):403-405. doi: 10.17712/nsj.2020.5.20200095.

Abstract

We report the case of a lady who presented with 3 weeks of visual floaters and optic disc swelling. Subsequent investigations revealed deep white matter changes on brain imaging, and enlarged mediastinal nodes. The presence of anti-CRMP-5 antibodies finally led to the diagnosis of a paraneoplastic syndrome, and mediastinal lymph node biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer. The learning points from this case include that optic neuritis can be the only presenting feature of a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, and the usefulness of anti-neuronal antibody measurement as a diagnostic marker of an underlying paraneoplastic disease process. The great challenge is to recognise these tumour-associated autoimmune system presentations early, as they often appear long before the primary cancer is evident. Prompt treatment leads to an earlier reduction in circulating auto-antibody possibly due to reduction in tumour size, and thus less likelihood of permanent neuronal damage.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Autoantibodies / immunology
  • Autoantigens / immunology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydrolases / immunology*
  • Lung Neoplasms / immunology*
  • Lung Neoplasms / pathology
  • Microtubule-Associated Proteins / immunology*
  • Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular / immunology*
  • Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular / pathology
  • Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / immunology*
  • Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / pathology

Substances

  • Autoantibodies
  • Autoantigens
  • Microtubule-Associated Proteins
  • DPYSL5 protein, human
  • Hydrolases