Introduction: Despite aggressive treatment, glioblastoma invariably recurs. The optimal treatment for recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is not well defined. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for rGBM has demonstrated favorable outcomes for selected patients; however, its efficacy in molecular GBM subtypes is unknown. We sought to identify genetic alterations that predict response/outcomes from SRS in rGBM-IDH-wild-type (IDH-WT).
Methods: rGBM-IDH-WT patients undergoing SRS at first recurrence and tested by next-generation sequencing (NGS) were reviewed (2009-2018). Demographic, clinical, and molecular characteristics were evaluated. NGS interrogating 205-genes was performed. Primary outcome was survival from GK-SRS assessed by Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards.
Results: Sixty-three lesions (43-patients) were treated at 1st recurrence. Median age was 61-years. All patients were treated with resection and chemoradiotherapy. Median time from diagnosis to 1st recurrence was 8.7-months. Median cumulative volume was 2.895 cm3 and SRS median marginal dose was 18 Gy (median isodose-54%). Bevacizumab was administered in 81.4% patients. PFS from SRS was 12.9-months. Survival from SRS was 18.2-months. PTEN-mutant patients had a longer PFS (p = 0.049) and survival from SRS (p = 0.013) in multivariable analysis. Although no statistically significant PTEN-mutants patients had higher frequency of radiation necrosis (21.4% vs. 3.4%) and lower in-field recurrence (28.6% vs. 37.9%) compared to PTEN-WT patients.
Conclusions: SRS is a safe and effective treatment option for selected rGBM-IDH-WT patients following first recurrence. rGBM-IDH-WT harboring PTEN-mutation have improved survival with salvage SRS compared to PTEN-WT patients. PTEN may be used as a molecular biomarker to identify a subset of rGBM patients who may benefit the most from SRS.
Keywords: Biomarker; Gamma Knife; Glioblastoma IDH wild-type; PTEN; Recurrent glioblastoma; Stereotactic radiosurgery.