Statement of the Spanish Interdisciplinary Vascular Prevention Committee on the updated European Cardiovascular Prevention Guidelines

Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2021 Mar-Apr;33(2):85-107. doi: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.11.004. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

We present the adaptation for Spain of the updated European Cardiovascular Prevention Guidelines. In this update, greater stress is laid on the population approach, and especially on the promotion of physical activity and healthy diet through dietary, leisure and active transport policies in Spain. To estimate vascular risk, note should be made of the importance of recalibrating the tables used, by adapting them to population shifts in the prevalence of risk factors and incidence of vascular diseases, with particular attention to the role of chronic kidney disease. At an individual level, the key element is personalised support for changes in behaviour, adherence to medication in high-risk individuals and patients with vascular disease, the fostering of physical activity, and cessation of smoking habit. Furthermore, recent clinical trials with PCSK9 inhibitors are reviewed, along with the need to simplify pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension to improve control and adherence to treatment. In the case of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular disease or high vascular disease risk, when lifestyle changes and metformin are inadequate, the use of drugs with proven vascular benefit should be prioritised. Lastly, guidelines on peripheral arterial disease and other specific diseases are included, as is a recommendation against prescribing antiaggregants in primary prevention.

Keywords: Arterial hypertension; Clinical Practice Guidelines; Control de lípidos; Diabetes; Dieta saludable; Enfermedades vasculares; Guías de Práctica Clínicas; Healthy diet; Hipertensión arterial; Lipid control; Prevención y control; Prevention and control; Smoking; Tabaco; Vascular diseases.

MeSH terms

  • Cardiovascular Diseases / etiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Diet
  • Exercise
  • Health Promotion
  • Heart Disease Risk Factors
  • Humans
  • Life Style*
  • Medication Adherence
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic*
  • Smoking Cessation
  • Spain