Cerebral protothecosis mimicking high-grade glioma

BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Jan 26;14(1):e235362. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235362.

Abstract

Prototheca wickerhamii is a common, indolent alga that seldom causes central nervous system infections in humans. We report the first UK case of cerebral protothecosis in an immunocompetent 56-year-old woman who presented with a 5-month history of intermittent fatigue followed by a 2-week history of symptoms, including right arm and leg weakness, a loss of fine motor coordination, worsening gait, right facial tingling, diplopia and a metallic oral taste. MRI scans revealed a multifocal abnormality suggestive of high-grade glioma. Given the clinical presentation, absence of immunodeficiency and characteristic MRI features, a diagnosis of high-grade glioma was deemed most likely by the multidisciplinary team. Surgical biopsy provided material for histopathological and microbiological diagnosis. She underwent a 2-year course of antimicrobials with surveillance MRI scans. The patient made a good functional recovery but still retains mild neurological sequelae.

Keywords: infection (neurology); infectious diseases; neurosurgery; radiology.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Amphotericin B / therapeutic use*
  • Anti-Infective Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Biopsy
  • Brain Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Central Nervous System Infections / diagnostic imaging*
  • Central Nervous System Infections / drug therapy
  • Central Nervous System Infections / pathology
  • Central Nervous System Infections / physiopathology
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Diplopia / physiopathology
  • Face
  • Female
  • Gait Disorders, Neurologic / physiopathology
  • Glioma / diagnosis*
  • Humans
  • Immunocompetence
  • Infections / diagnostic imaging
  • Infections / drug therapy
  • Infections / pathology
  • Infections / physiopathology
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Middle Aged
  • Neurosurgical Procedures
  • Paresthesia / physiopathology
  • Prototheca*
  • Taste Disorders / physiopathology
  • Tetracycline / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • liposomal amphotericin B
  • Amphotericin B
  • Tetracycline