[Bronchial dilatations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Tunisian center: effect on disease progression and prognosis]

Pan Afr Med J. 2020 Oct 29:37:200. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.200.24448. eCollection 2020.
[Article in French]

Abstract

Introduction: bronchial dilations (BDs) seem to have a major role in the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of BDs on the severity and progression of COPD as well as on patients' prognosis.

Methods: we conducted a retrospective, single-center, analytical study over the period 1995- 2017. The study was based on data from the medical records of patients with COPD who had undergone chest CT scan during the follow-up period. We compared two groups (G) of patients: G1: COPD with BDs; G2: COPD without BDs.

Results: our study included 466 patients with COPD. Among them 101 (21.6%) had BDs associated with COPD. G1 patients had lower maximum expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (G1: 1.21 L, G2: 1.37 L, p = 0.015), lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (p = 0.014), a lower PaO2 at steady state (p = 0.049), a higher rate of acute exacerbations (AE) per year (G1: 3.31, G2: 2.44, p = 0.001) and a higher rate of hospitalizations in the Intensive Care Unit per year (p = 0.02). G1 patients with AE receiving treatment in hospital had lower PaO2 3) on admission (G1: 60 mmHg, G2: 63.7 mmHg, p = 0.02 G2: 63.7 mmHg, p = 0.023), more elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels (p = 0.001) and were characterized by a higher use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) (p = 0.044) and invasive mechanical ventilation (p = 0.011). G2 patients had better overall survival (p = 0.002).

Conclusion: bronchial dilatations are an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, expecially because of the higher rate and severity of exacerbations, airway obstructions and mortality.

Introduction: les dilatations des bronches (DDB) semblent avoir un impact important sur l'histoire naturelle de la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO). L'objectif de notre travail était d'étudier l'impact des DDB sur la sévérité, l'évolution et le pronostic des patients atteints de BPCO.

Méthodes: c´est une étude rétrospective, monocentrique, analytique, s´étalant de 1995 à 2017, portant sur les dossiers de patients atteints de BPCO ayant eu un scanner thoracique durant la période du suivi. Nous avons comparé deux groupes (G) de patients: G1: BPCO avec DDB, G2: BPCO sans DDB.

Résultats: notre étude a inclus 466 patients atteints de BPCO parmi eux 101 (21,6%) ayant des DDB associées à la BPCO. Les patients du G1 avaient un volume expiratoire maximum à la première seconde (VEMS) plus bas (G1: 1,21 L, G2: 1,37 L, p = 0,015), une capacité vitale forcée (CVF) plus basse (p=0,014), une PaO2 à l´état stable plus basse (p = 0,049), un nombre plus élevé des exacerbations aiguës (EA)/an (G1: 3,31, G2: 2,44, p = 0,001) et un nombre plus élevé d´hospitalisation en réanimation /an (p = 0,02). Lors des hospitalisations pour EA les patients du G1 étaient caractérisés par une PaO2 à l´admission plus basse (G1: 60 mmHg, G2: 63,7 mmHg, p = 0,023), une capnie plus élevée (p = 0,001), un recours plus fréquent à la ventilation non invasive (VNI) (p = 0,044) et à la ventilation mécanique invasive (p = 0,011). Les patients du G2 étaient caractérisées par une meilleure survie (p = 0,002).

Conclusion: les DDB dans la BPCO sont un indicateur de mauvais pronostic, en particulier en termes de fréquence et de sévérité des exacerbations, d'obstruction sévère des voies respiratoires et de mortalité.

Keywords: COPD; Chronic obstructive pulmonary; PFT; bronchial dilation; disease exacerbation; hospitalization; pulmonary function tests.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Airway Obstruction / epidemiology
  • Airway Obstruction / etiology*
  • Bronchiectasis / etiology*
  • Bronchiectasis / physiopathology
  • Dilatation
  • Disease Progression
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Hospitalization / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prognosis
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / mortality
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / physiopathology*
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / therapy
  • Respiration, Artificial / statistics & numerical data
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Survival
  • Tunisia