Objective: To investigate the current status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in automobile assembly workers, as well as the distribution of WMSDs at multiple sites and related influencing factors. Methods: From March to July 2019, cluster sampling was performed to select 663 male automobile assembly workers as respondents, and the musculoskeletal injury questionnaire was used to investigate their general status and working condition. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors for WMSDs at multiple sites. Results: The detection rate of WMSDs within the past 7 days was 37.9% (251/663) among the automobile assembly workers, and the detection rate of WMSDs within the past 1 year was 51.9% (344/663) . Of all workers, 13.6% (90/663) had WMSDs involving only 1 site, while 38.3% (254/663) had WMSDs involving 2 or more sites. The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that frequent turns during work was a risk factor for WMSDs involving 1-3, 4-6, and 7-9 sites (odds ratio [OR]=1.65, 2.47, and 3.65, respectively) . Repeated action of lower extremities and ankles was a risk factor for WMSDs involving 4-6 and 7-9 sites (OR=2.15 and 2.98, respectively) . Working in an uncomfortable position was a risk factor for WMSDs involving 1-3, 4-6, and 7-9 sites (OR=1.95, 2.67, and 3.04, respectively) . Prolonged standing during work was a risk factor for WMSDs involving 1-3 and 4-6 sites (OR= 1.87 and 1.79, respectively) . Working overtime was a risk factor for WMSDs involving 7-9 sites (OR=5.48) . Adequate time for rest was a protective factor against WMSDs involving 1-3 and 4-6 sites (OR=0.50 and 0.31, respectively) . Conclusion: There is a high detection rate of WMSDs in automobile assembly workers, and WMSDs at multiple sites are more common than WMSDs at a single site. Poor position and organizational management factors are risk factors for occupational WMSDs at multiple sites.
目的： 分析汽车总装作业工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患（WMSDs）现状，探讨多部位WMSDs的分布规律和影响因素。 方法： 于2019年3至7月，采用整群抽样方法，选取663名男性汽车总装作业工人为调查对象，选用《肌肉骨骼损伤情况调查问卷》对工人的一般情况和工作情况进行调查，多部位WMSDs的影响因素分析采用多分类logistic回归分析。 结果： 汽车总装作业工人近7天内WMSDs的检出率为37.9%（251/663），近1年内WMSDs的检出率为51.9%（344/663）。WMSDs仅涉及1个部位的比例为13.6%（90/663），2个或2个以上部位的占38.3%（254/663）。多分类logistic回归分析显示，工作时经常转身是工人1~3部位、4~6部位和7~9部位WMSDs的危险因素（OR=1.65、2.47、3.65），下肢及踝重复动作是工人4~6部位和7~9部位WMSDs的危险因素（OR=2.15、2.98），以不舒服的姿势工作是工人1~3部位、4~6部位和7~9部位WMSDs的危险因素（OR=1.95、2.67、3.04），工作时长时间站立是工人1~3部位和4~6部位WMSDs的危险因素（OR=1.87、1.79），加班是工人7~9部位WMSDs的危险因素（OR=5.48），休息时间充足是工人1~3部位和4~6部位WMSDs的保护因素（OR=0.50、0.31）。 结论： 汽车总装作业工人WMSDs检出率高，多部位WMSDs的发生较单一部位常见；工人多部位WMSDs的职业性危险因素是不良姿势以及组织管理因素。.
Keywords: Influencing factors; Multiple sites; Musculoskeletal disorders; Musculoskeletal pain; Musculoskeletal system.