Cardiovascular surgery training in Japan

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022 Jan;163(1):166-175.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.12.090. Epub 2020 Dec 26.

¹ Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
² Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
³ Cardio-Aortic Center, Takatsuki Hospital, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: [email protected].
⁴ Nara General Medical Center, Nara, Japan.
⁵ Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
⁶ Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
⁷ Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
⁸ The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

No abstract available

Keywords: cardiovascular surgery training; off-the-job training; on-the-job training; quality assessment.

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