Intranasal fusion inhibitory lipopeptide prevents direct-contact SARS-CoV-2 transmission in ferrets

Science. 2021 Mar 26;371(6536):1379-1382. doi: 10.1126/science.abf4896. Epub 2021 Feb 17.

Abstract

Containment of the COVID-19 pandemic requires reducing viral transmission. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is initiated by membrane fusion between the viral and host cell membranes, which is mediated by the viral spike protein. We have designed lipopeptide fusion inhibitors that block this critical first step of infection and, on the basis of in vitro efficacy and in vivo biodistribution, selected a dimeric form for evaluation in an animal model. Daily intranasal administration to ferrets completely prevented SARS-CoV-2 direct-contact transmission during 24-hour cohousing with infected animals, under stringent conditions that resulted in infection of 100% of untreated animals. These lipopeptides are highly stable and thus may readily translate into safe and effective intranasal prophylaxis to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Intranasal
  • Animals
  • COVID-19 / prevention & control
  • COVID-19 / transmission*
  • COVID-19 / virology
  • Chlorocebus aethiops
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Drug Design
  • Ferrets
  • Lipopeptides / administration & dosage*
  • Lipopeptides / chemistry
  • Lipopeptides / pharmacokinetics
  • Lipopeptides / pharmacology
  • Membrane Fusion / drug effects*
  • Mice
  • Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
  • SARS-CoV-2 / drug effects*
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification
  • SARS-CoV-2 / physiology
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / metabolism
  • Tissue Distribution
  • Vero Cells
  • Viral Fusion Protein Inhibitors / administration & dosage*
  • Viral Fusion Protein Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Viral Fusion Protein Inhibitors / pharmacokinetics
  • Viral Fusion Protein Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Virus Internalization / drug effects*

Substances

  • Lipopeptides
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • Viral Fusion Protein Inhibitors
  • spike protein, SARS-CoV-2