Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer improves yield, nitrogen use efficiency and economic returns of transplanted fine rice

PLoS One. 2021 Feb 25;16(2):e0247529. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247529. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds to two-third of the global population by serving as staple food. It is the main export commodity of several countries; thus, contributes towards foreign exchange earnings. Unfortunately, average global rice yield is far below than its genetic potential. Low nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is among the major reasons for low average yield. Current study evaluated the impact of nitrogen fertilizer application methods (conventional and deep placement) on growth, yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, agronomic N-use efficiency (ANUE), partial factors productivity of applied N (PFP) and economic returns of two different transplanted rice varieties (Basmati-515 and Super-Basmati). Fertilizer application methods significantly affected allometry, yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP and economic returns. Deep placement of N-fertilizer (DPNF) observed better allometric traits, high chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP, yield attributes and economic returns compared to conventional application of N-fertilizer (CANF). Similarly, Basmati-515 had better allometric and yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP and economic returns than Super-Basmati. Regarding interactions among N-fertilizer application methods and rice varieties, Basmati-515 with DPNF resulted in higher chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP, allometric and yield related traits and economic returns than CANF. The lowest values of these traits were observed for Super-Basmati with no application of N-fertilizer. Both varieties had better yield and economic returns with DPNF compared to CANF. It is concluded that DPNF improved yield, ANUE and economic returns; therefore, should be opted to improve productivity of transplanted fine rice. Nonetheless, lower nitrogen doses need to be tested for DPNF to infer whether it could lower N use in rice crop.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Retracted Publication

MeSH terms

  • Chlorophyll / metabolism
  • Fertilizers*
  • Nitrogen / pharmacology*
  • Oryza / drug effects
  • Oryza / growth & development*
  • Photosynthesis / drug effects
  • Plant Leaves / drug effects

Substances

  • Fertilizers
  • Chlorophyll
  • Nitrogen

Grants and funding

This study was funded in the form of a grant by the Research Center of Advanced Materials—King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia (Grant No. RCAMS/KKU/0020/20) and by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, institutional support in the form of a grant (Grant No. MZE-RO1721. Agricultural Research Ltd. provided support in the form of salaries for AK and MB. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.