Fucoxanthin-rich fraction from Sargassum fusiformis alleviates particulate matter-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo

Yu-Lin Dai; Yun-Fei Jiang; Yu-An Lu; Jiang-Bo Yu; Min-Cheol Kang; You-Jin Jeon

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.005

Fucoxanthin-rich fraction from Sargassum fusiformis alleviates particulate matter-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo

Toxicol Rep. 2021 Feb 6:8:349-358. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.005. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Yu-Lin Dai^{1

2

3}, Yun-Fei Jiang², Yu-An Lu², Jiang-Bo Yu³, Min-Cheol Kang⁴, You-Jin Jeon^{2

5}

Affiliations

¹ Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
² Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
³ Postdoctoral Work Station of Jilin Aodong Medicine Group Co., Ltd., Dunhua 133700, China.
⁴ Research Group of Food Processing, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
⁵ Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea.

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) contributes to air pollution and primarily originates from unregulated industrial emissions and seasonal natural dust emissions. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a marine natural pigment from brown macroalgae that has been shown to have various beneficial effects on health. However, the effects of Fx on PM-induced toxicities in cells and animals have not been assessed. In this study, we investigated the anti-inﬂammatory potential of the Fx-rich fraction (FxRF) of Sargassum fusiformis against PM-mediated inﬂammatory responses. The FxRF composition was analyzed by rapid-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Fx and other main pigments were identified. FxRF attenuated the production of inﬂammatory components, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 from PM-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes. PM exposure also reduced the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and PGE₂ in PM-exposed RAW264.7 macrophages. Additionally, the culture medium from PM-exposed HaCaT cells induced upregulation of NO, iNOS, PGE₂, and pro-inﬂammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages. FxRF also significantly decreased the expression levels of factors involved in inﬂammatory responses, such as NO, reactive oxygen species, and cell death, in PM-exposed zebrafish embryos. These results demonstrated the potential protective effects of FxRF against PM-induced inflammation both in vitro and in a zebrafish model.

Keywords: Anti-inﬂammatory response; COX, Cyclooxygenase; DCFH-DA, 2, 7-dichloroﬂuorescein diacetate; DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium; Fucoxanthin; Fx, Fucoxanthin; FxRF, Fucoxanthin-rich fraction; H-PM, Culture medium of PM-induced keratinocytes; IL, Interleukin; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NO, Nitric oxide; PGE, Prostaglandin E; PI, Propidium iodide; PM, Particulate matter; Particulate matter; SE, Standard error; Sargassum fusiformis; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α; iNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthases.