Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged into the human population in late 2019 and caused the global COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has spread to more than 215 countries and infected many millions of people. Despite the introduction of numerous governmental and public health measures to control disease spread, infections continue at an unabated pace, suggesting that effective vaccines and antiviral drugs will be required to curtail disease, end the pandemic, and restore societal norms. Here, we review the current developments in antibody and vaccine countermeasures to limit or prevent disease.
Keywords:
Antibody; COVID-19; Immunity; Pathogenesis; Protection; SARS-CoV-2; Therapy; Vaccines.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication types
-
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
-
Review
MeSH terms
-
Animals
-
Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis*
-
COVID-19 / epidemiology
-
COVID-19 / immunology
-
COVID-19 / prevention & control*
-
COVID-19 / therapy
-
COVID-19 / virology
-
COVID-19 Serotherapy
-
COVID-19 Vaccines / administration & dosage
-
COVID-19 Vaccines / biosynthesis
-
COVID-19 Vaccines / immunology*
-
Clinical Trials as Topic
-
Disease Models, Animal
-
Genetic Vectors / chemistry
-
Genetic Vectors / immunology
-
Humans
-
Immunity, Innate / drug effects
-
Immunization, Passive / methods
-
Immunogenicity, Vaccine
-
Pandemics*
-
Patient Safety
-
SARS-CoV-2 / drug effects
-
SARS-CoV-2 / immunology*
-
SARS-CoV-2 / pathogenicity
-
Vaccines, Attenuated
-
Vaccines, DNA
-
Vaccines, Subunit
-
Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle / administration & dosage
-
Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle / biosynthesis
-
Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle / immunology
Substances
-
Antibodies, Viral
-
COVID-19 Vaccines
-
Vaccines, Attenuated
-
Vaccines, DNA
-
Vaccines, Subunit
-
Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle