COVID-19 community care in Israel-a nationwide cohort study from a large health maintenance organization

J Public Health (Oxf). 2021 Dec 10;43(4):723-730. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab055.

Abstract

Background: Among the many medical challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, management of the majority of patients in community outpatient settings is crucial. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes among confirmed COVID-19 cases who were managed at three settings: two outpatient settings and one inpatient.

Methods: A retrospective database cohort study was conducted in a large Israeli Health Maintenance Organization. All COVID-19 cases diagnosed between 28 February 2020 and 20 July 2020 were included. Cases in the community settings were managed through a nationwide remote monitoring center, using preliminary telehealth triage and 24/7 virtual care. Outcome parameters included hospital admission, disease severity, need for respiratory support and mortality.

Results: About 5448 cases, aged range 0-97 years, were enrolled; 88.7% were initially managed as outpatient either at home or in designated hotels, 3.1 and 2.1% of them, respectively, later required hospitalization. The main reason for hospitalization was dyspnea; 12 were diagnosed with severe disease; 56 patients (1.3%) died, five (0.1%) of whom were initially allocated to the outpatient settings.

Conclusions: Care for appropriately selected COVID-19 patients in the community provides a safe and effective option. This can contribute to reducing the hospitalization burden, with no evidence of increased morbidity or mortality.

Keywords: COVID-19; community; healthcare system; outpatient management; telehealth.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • COVID-19*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cohort Studies
  • Health Maintenance Organizations
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Israel / epidemiology
  • Middle Aged
  • Pandemics
  • Retrospective Studies
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Young Adult