Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction combined with anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction in the treatment of revision patients with ACL graft failure.
Methods: Between January 2018 and June 2019, 15 patients underwent ACL revision with double-bundle ACL reconstruction combined with ALL reconstruction. There were 12 males and 3 females with an average age of 30.1 years (range, 17-49 years). The technique of primary ACL reconstruction included single-bundle reconstruction in 13 cases and double-bundle reconstruction in 2 cases. These reconstructions applied autografts in 14 cases and allograft in 1 case. The causes of ACL reconstruction failure were identified as traumatic rupture in 9 cases and non-traumatic failure in 6 cases, including 2 cases of graft absorption and 3 cases of graft laxity. The average time from the primary ACL reconstruction to revision was 28.5 months (range, 8-60 months). The subjective and objective indicators of knee joint function were compared before operation and at last follow-up to evaluate the effectiveness. The subjective indicators included International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner score. The objective indicators included anterior tibial translation (dynamic and static) and side-to-side difference (SSD), pivot-shift test, Lachman test, the difference of single-legged hop test, and the loss ratio of extensor muscle strength on the affected side.
Results: All incisions healed by first intetion, and no complications such as infection, venous thrombosis of lower extremity, or neurovascular injury occurred. All patients were followed up for an average of 19.1 months (range, 12-30 months). At last follow-up, all patients had returned to pre-injury sports level. The IKDC score, Lysholm score, and Tegner score were significantly improved ( P<0.05); anterior tibial translations (dynamic and static) significantly decreased when compared with preoperative one ( P<0.05) and returned to the physiological range. The SSD, Lachman test, pivot-shift test, the difference of single-legged hop test, and the loss ratio of extensor muscle strength on the affected side were significantly better than those before operation ( P<0.05).During the follow-up, there was no re-rupture of the graft, no stiffness of the knee joint and limitation of mobility; 1 case had a protruding femoral end compression screw, which was removed through the original incision under local anesthesia.
Conclusion: Double-bundle ACL reconstruction combined with ALL reconstruction can significantly improve the knee function in revision patients with ACL graft failure. It can reduce the anterior translation of tibia, and effectively prevent postoperative rotational instability of the knee.
目的: 探讨前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament，ACL）双束重建联合前外侧韧带（anterolateral ligament，ALL）重建的翻修术式治疗 ACL 重建失败的效果。.
方法: 2018 年 1 月—2019 年 6 月，采用 ACL 双束重建联合 ALL 重建对 15 例初次 ACL 重建失败患者行翻修术。男 12 例，女 3 例；年龄 17～49 岁，平均 30.1 岁。初次 ACL 重建术式：单束重建 13 例，双束重建 2 例；自体肌腱重建 14 例，同种异体肌腱重建 1 例。ACL 重建失败原因：9 例创伤再断裂；6 例非创伤因素失败，其中 2 例移植物吸收、3 例移植物松弛。初次 ACL 重建至该次翻修时间为 8～60 个月，平均 28.5 个月。比较术前及末次随访时膝关节功能主、客观评价指标以评定疗效。其中，主观评价指标包括国际膝关节文献委员会（IKDC）评分、Lysholm 评分以及 Tegner 评分；客观评价指标包括胫骨前向松弛度的静态、动态移位距离及双侧松弛度差值（side-to-side difference，SSD）、轴移试验、Lachman 试验、患侧伸膝肌力丢失比、单足跳跃试验差值。.
结果: 术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合，未出现切口感染、下肢静脉血栓形成、神经血管损伤等并发症；患者均获随访，随访时间 12～30 个月，平均 19.1 个月。末次随访时，患者均恢复至伤前运动水平，IKDC 评分、Lysholm 评分、Tegner 评分均较术前明显改善（ P<0.05）。胫骨前向松弛度的静态、动态移位距离均较术前明显改善（ P<0.05），且恢复至正常生理范围；SSD、Lachman 试验、轴移试验、单足跳跃试验差值、患侧伸膝肌力丢失比也明显优于术前（ P<0.05）。随访期间均未发生移植物再断裂，无膝关节僵硬及活动度受限；1 例出现股骨端挤压螺钉突出，局麻下经原切口取出。.
结论: 采用 ACL 双束重建联合 ALL 重建术式对初次 ACL 重建失败患者进行翻修，能明显改善患者膝关节功能、减少胫骨前向松弛度，有效防止膝关节旋转不稳定。.
Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; anterolateral ligament; double-bundle reconstruction; ligament reconstruction; ligament revision.