Association between renal urolithiasis after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy therapy and new-onset hypertension: an updated meta-analysis

Objective: The long-term effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is still controversial. A previous meta-analysis showed no association between new-onset hypertension and entire upper urinary urolithiasis after SWL. Recently, there have been some reports on this topic. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between new-onset hypertension and nephrolithiasis after SWL therapy.

Methods: Embase, the Cochrane Central Search Library, and PubMed were used to search for reports on new-onset hypertension and patients with nephrolithiasis after SWL. A meta-analysis of the association between new-onset hypertension and nephrolithiasis after SWL was carried out. The data of relevant research were synthesized and the relative risk was computed.

Results: Seven eligible studies were included in our meta-analysis. There was a significant association between nephrolithiasis after SWL and new-onset hypertension. The overall relative risk with a 95% confidence interval was 1.21 (1.11-1.31) in a fixed-effects model.

Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggests an association between new-onset hypertension and patients with nephrolithiasis after SWL, which is in contrast with the finding of a previous meta-analysis.