The first SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants of concern (VOC) in Poland: The concept of a comprehensive approach to monitoring and surveillance of emerging variants

Adv Med Sci. 2021 Sep;66(2):237-245. doi: 10.1016/j.advms.2021.03.005. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Abstract

Purpose: We analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 genome using our integrated genome analysis system and present the concept of a comprehensive approach to monitoring and surveillance of emerging variants.

Material/methods: A total of 69 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples (with Ct value ​≤ ​28) were tested. Samples included in this study were selected from 7 areas of eastern Poland. All samples were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform using a 300-cycle MiSeq Reagent Kit v2. BWA was used for reads mapping on the reference SARS-CoV-2 sequence. SAMTools were used for post-processing of reads to genome assembly. Pango lineage and Nexstrain were used to identify variants and amino acid mutations. Statistical analysis was performed with R 4.0.2.

Results: This study shows the first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland with the lineage B.1.351 (known as 501Y.V2 South African variant), as well as another 18 cases with epidemiologically relevant lineage B.1.1.7, known as British variant. Supplementary analysis of SARS-CoV-2 sequences deposited in GISAID shows that the share of a new variant can change rapidly within one month. In addition, we show a complete, integrated concept of a networked system for analyzing the variability of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, which, used in the present study, generated data and a variant report within 6 days.

Conclusion: The analyzed viral genomes showed considerable variability with simultaneous clear distinction of local clusters of genomes showing high similarity. Implementing real-time monitoring of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in Poland is urgently needed, and our developed system is available to be implemented on a large scale.

Keywords: British variant; Genomic surveillance; SARS-CoV-2; South African variant; Variants monitoring.

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • Computational Biology
  • Data Science
  • Epidemiological Monitoring*
  • Genome, Viral
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / methods
  • Humans
  • Mutation
  • Poland / epidemiology
  • SARS-CoV-2* / genetics
  • SARS-CoV-2* / isolation & purification
  • Whole Genome Sequencing / methods*