Objective: To discuss the complications and postoperative outcomes of tracheotomy with different etiology in children. Methods: One hundred and eighty-six patients underwent tracheotomy were retrospectively analyzed from January 2016 to December 2018,including 117 males and 69 females. The children aged from 4 days to 14 years (median age 31.5months). One case was operated under local anesthesia in emergency room, 2 cases were operated under local anesthesia in pediatric intensive care unit, the rest 183 cases were operated under general anesthesia in operation room. The 186 children were divided into four groups according to their direct causes of tracheotomy. Group A(90 cases): Neuromuscular disease and severe infection,Group B(26 cases): Head and neck tumor,Group C(57 cases): Congenital malformation and upper airway obstruction,Group D(13 cases): Accidental injury. The basic information, surgical complications and postoperative outcomes were recorded and analyzed. All patients were followed up by clinic or by telephone. Spss 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: One hundred and eighty-six patients were followed up for one to four years. 33 children lost the follow-up and 46 died. Among the 186 patients, 23 cases had emergency tracheotomy (12.4%). The rate of emergency tracheotomy in group C(16 cases, 28.1%) was higher than that in the other three groups(χ2=28.08,P<0.05). The average age of patients and hospital stay in group C were significantly lower than those in the other three groups (F=33.76,P<0.05; F=14.95,P<0.05). Incision bleeding occurred in 11 cases, Subcutaneous emphysema occurred in 6 cases and accidental decannulation occurred in 10 cases (4 cases within 2 weeks and 6 after 2 weeks). Six patients underwent tracheocutaneous fistula closure operation after decannulation and the stoma healed spontaneously in other extubated children. Two patients underwent secondary tracheotomy due to accidental decannulation, and three patients underwent secondary tracheotomy for dyspnea after decannulation. In 107 cases of survival children, decannulation was successful in 65 patients and failed in 42 patients. The average duration of wearing tracheal tube was 8.8 months. The decannulation rates in the four groups were 55.6%, 45%, 69% and 77.8%, with no significant difference. Conclusions: The complications after tracheotomy in children are rare, and no severe complications occurred in long-term tracheotomy patients. The duration of wearing tracheal tube is related to the treatment of their primary disease.
目的： 探讨儿童不同病因导致的气管切开术的并发症及术后转归。 方法： 回顾性分析自2016年1月至2018年12月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科行气管切开术患儿186例，其中男117例，女69例，男女比例1.7∶1。患儿年龄4 d至14岁，中位年龄31.5个月。除1例在急诊室床旁局部麻醉下手术，2例在儿童重症监护病房床旁局部麻醉下手术，其余183例均在手术室全身麻醉下手术。将患儿按气管切开病因分为4组：A组90例，为神经肌肉病、重症感染；B组26例，为头颈肿瘤的前置或同期手术；C组57例，为先天畸形、上气道梗阻；D组13例，为意外伤害。记录并分析患儿基本信息、手术并发症以及术后转归。对所有患儿进行门诊及电话随访。采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析。 结果： 随访时间1~4年，其中33例患儿失访，完成随访的153例患儿中46例死亡。186例患儿中紧急气管切开23例（12.4%），其中C组患儿急诊气管切开16例（28.1%），高于A组（1例，1.1%）、B组（2例，7.7%）、D组（4例，30.8%）患儿，差异有统计学意义（x2=28.08，P<0.05）。C组患儿气管切开时的平均年龄为25.3个月，低于其他组（F=33.76，P<0.05），平均住院日亦低于其他组（F=14.95，P<0.05）。4组患儿中，术后切口出血11例，颈部皮下气肿6例，意外脱管10例（其中2周内脱管4例，2周后脱管6例）。6例患儿于拔管后0.5~1年行气管皮肤瘘修补手术，其余拔管患儿的颈部造口均自行愈合。2例因意外脱管行二次气管切开术，3例因拔除气切管后再次呼吸困难，行二次气管切开术。107例存活患儿中，术后气管套管未拔除患儿42例，拔出气管套管患儿65例，平均带管时间8.8个月，4组患儿的气管套管拔管率分别为55.6%、45%、69%、77.8%，差异无统计学意义。 结论： 不同病因儿童气管切开术后并发症较少，且长期带管无严重并发症发生。气管切开术后带管时间与原发病治疗情况相关。.