Patent foramen ovale revealed by COVID-19 pneumonia

BMC Pulm Med. 2021 Apr 19;21(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s12890-021-01494-7.

Abstract

Background: Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a rare condition characterized by dyspnoea (platypnea) and arterial desaturation in the upright position resolved in the supine position (orthodeoxia). Intracardiac shunt, pulmonary ventilation-perfusion mismatch and others intrapulmonary abnormalities are involved.

Case presentation: We report a case of POS associated with two pathophysiological issues: one, cardiac POS caused by a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and second, pulmonary POS due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) interstitial pneumonia. POS has resolved after recovery of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Conclusions: Right-to-left interatrial shunt and intrapulmonary shunt caused by SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia contributed to refractory hypoxemia and POS. Therefore, in case of COVID-19 patient with unexplained POS, the existence of PFO must be investigated.

Keywords: Hypoxemia; Patent foramen ovale; Pulmonary vasoconstriction; SARS-CoV-2; Ventilation inhomogeneity.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19* / diagnosis
  • COVID-19* / physiopathology
  • Dyspnea* / diagnosis
  • Dyspnea* / etiology
  • Dyspnea* / physiopathology
  • Echocardiography / methods
  • Foramen Ovale, Patent* / complications
  • Foramen Ovale, Patent* / diagnosis
  • Foramen Ovale, Patent* / physiopathology
  • Hemodynamics
  • Humans
  • Hypoxia* / diagnosis
  • Hypoxia* / etiology
  • Hypoxia* / physiopathology
  • Lung / diagnostic imaging*
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / complications
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / physiopathology
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / virology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Oxygen / analysis
  • Pneumonia, Viral* / complications
  • Pneumonia, Viral* / diagnosis
  • Pneumonia, Viral* / physiopathology
  • Posture / physiology
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification
  • Syndrome
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Oxygen