With improved neonatal care, the survival rate of premature infants has been greatly increased, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has already been the leading cause of blindness in children. Thereupon screening and treatment of ROP have been deeply performed in China. However, the implementation and the detection rate vary greatly in different regions. In this article, based on the 20-year prevalence data of ROP in all parts of the country before 2010, we review and summarize the literatures from 2008 to 2018, in order to track and update the screening data of ROP in the mainland of China and to find the incidence trend during the decade. The evidence of the changing prevalence of ROP would benefit further prevention of this serious eye disease. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 379-385).
随着新生儿救治水平不断提高，早产儿存活率不断上升，早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）成为儿童致盲的首位病因。进入21世纪，中国大陆地区ROP筛查和防治工作不断深入，但不同区域开展工作的情况及ROP检出率差异较大。本文在前期对2010年前ROP发生情况进行总结的基础上，对2008至2018年的文献报道进行汇总，追踪和分析约10年间中国大陆地区ROP的筛查情况和发病变化趋势，以期为科学防治ROP提供参考。（中华眼科杂志，2021，57：379-385）.