Catamenial haemoptysis, the expectoration of blood during menses, has not been extensively reported in the cystic fibrosis (CF) literature. We describe four cases (age range: 25-34 years) of catamenial haemoptysis across four CF centres in the United States. These cases may represent thoracic endometriosis versus hormonal fluctuations in airway inflammation or infection resulting in bronchial artery bleeding. We identify common and nuanced management strategies including use of pro-coagulants, hormone contraceptives, anti-inflammatories, bronchial artery embolization, and use of the newer cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators.
Keywords: Catamenial; cystic fibrosis; haemoptysis; oral contraceptive pills; thoracic endometriosis.
© 2021 The Authors. Respirology Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of The Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.