Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children - A New Syndrome Complicated With Acute Heart Failure Following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection

Circ J. 2021 May 25;85(6):948-952. doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-21-0243. Epub 2021 May 13.

Abstract

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare syndrome temporally related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). MIS-C shares similarities with Kawasaki disease, but left ventricular dysfunction is more common in MIS-C.

Methods and results: This study reports the case of a 16-year-old Japanese male patient with MIS-C. Although the initial presentation was severe with circulatory and respiratory failure, the patient recovered completely. Endomyocardial biopsy showed active myocarditis with fibrosis. Immunoglobulin treatment was useful for recovery.

Conclusions: This is the first reported case of MIS-C in Japan. Cardiologists should be aware of MIS-C, a new disease, occurring during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Keywords: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); Myocarditis; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Adolescent
  • COVID-19 / diagnosis
  • COVID-19 / immunology*
  • COVID-19 / therapy
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Heart Failure / diagnosis
  • Heart Failure / immunology*
  • Heart Failure / therapy
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Recovery of Function
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / immunology*
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / therapy
  • Treatment Outcome

Supplementary concepts

  • pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease, COVID-19 related