Objective: To investigate the effect of serum potassium level and hyperkalemia on the renal function decline in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods: The clinical data at baseline and follow-up in stage Ⅲ-Ⅴ CKD patients without dialysis who were followed up for more than one year in Tianjin First Central Hospital from May 2015 to June 2019 and Teikyo University School of Medicine from January 2008 to July 2013 were retrospectively collected. All patients were divided into stable group (337 cases), slow progression group (337 cases) and rapid progression group (338 cases) according to the tertile of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope (the annual average percentage of eGFR decline). Multivariate logistic regression analysis models were used to evaluate the correlations of baseline serum potassium or time-averaged serum potassium level with CKD rapid progression. Results: Three hundred and forty-three cases from Tianjin First Central Hospital and 669 cases from Teikyo University School of Medicine were included in the study, and 635 cases (62.7%) were male. The average age was (61±14) years old and the average eGFR decline slope was 4.0%/year. The levels of baseline serum potassium and time-averaged serum potassium of patients in the slow progression group [(4.47±0.52) and (4.51±0.43) mmo/L] and rapid progression group [(4.62±0.62) and (4.76±0.48) mmo/L] were higher than those in the stable group [(4.37±0.49) and (4.38±0.37) mmo/L] (both P<0.05). Meanwhile, 24.6% (83/338) of the patients in the rapid progression group had hyperkalemia at baseline (serum potassium ≥5.0 mmol/L) and 34.9% (118/338) of the patients had time-averaged serum potassium ≥5.0 mmol/L, which were higher than those in the stable group [10.7% (36/337) and 6.5% (22/337)] (both P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the stable group, baseline serum potassium (OR=1.843, 95%CI: 1.051-3.234) and time-averaged serum potassium (OR=2.495, 95%CI: 1.040-5.987) were correlated with the rapid progression of CKD. Time-averaged serum potassium ≥5.0 mmol/L was the independent influencing factor for rapid progression of CKD. Conclusions: During the follow-up period, the average level of serum potassium in stage Ⅲ-Ⅴ CKD patients should be controlled under 5.0 mmol/L, which may reduce the risk of rapid decline of renal function.
目的： 探讨血钾水平及高钾血症对慢性肾脏病（CKD）3~5期未透析患者肾功能进展的影响。 方法： 回顾性收集天津市第一中心医院2015年5月至2019年6月及日本帝京大学医学部附属医院肾内科2008年1月至2013年7月随访1年以上的CKD 3~5期未透析患者基线及随访期间的临床资料，根据估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）斜率即年平均eGFR下降百分比，以三分位法将全部患者分为稳定组、缓慢进展组及快速进展组。通过多因素logistic回归分析模型，评估基线血钾及时间平均血钾水平与CKD进展的相关性。 结果： 天津市第一中心医院343例及日本帝京大学医学部附属医院669例CKD患者纳入研究，年龄（61±14）岁，其中男635例，占62.7%。平均eGFR下降斜率为4.0%/年；稳定组337例，缓慢进展组337例，快速进展组338例。缓慢进展组及快速进展组患者基线血钾［（4.47±0.52）、（4.62±0.62）比（4.37±0.49） mmo/L］、时间平均血钾水平［（4.51±0.43）、（4.76±0.48）比（4.38±0.37） mmo/L］均高于稳定组患者（均P<0.05）。快速进展组患者中24.6%（83/338）基线存在高钾血症（血钾≥5.0 mmol/L），34.9%（118/338）存在时间平均血钾≥5.0 mmol/L，均高于稳定组患者［10.7%（36/337）、6.5%（22/337）］（均P<0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，基线血钾（OR=1.843，95%CI：1.051~3.234）及时间平均血钾（OR=2.495，95%CI：1.040~5.987）均与CKD快速进展具有相关性，时间平均血钾≥5.0 mmol/L为CKD快速进展的独立影响因素。 结论： CKD 3~5期未透析患者随访期间血钾平均水平控制于<5.0 mmol/L可能降低肾功能快速进展的风险。.