All-Optical Three-Dimensional Electron Momentum Imaging

J Phys Chem A. 2021 Jun 17;125(23):5220-5225. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03445. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Abstract

We report a new implementation of three-dimensional (3D) momentum imaging for electrons, employing a two-dimensional (2D) imaging detector and a silicon photomultiplier tube (siPMT). To achieve the necessary time resolution for 3D electron imaging, a poly(p-phenylene)-dye-based fast scintillator (Exalite 404) was used in the imaging detector instead of conventional phosphors. The system demonstrated an electron time-of-flight resolution comparable with that of electrical MCP pick-off (tens of picoseconds), while achieving an unprecedented dead time reduction (∼0.48 ns) when detecting two electrons.