The Inflammatory Cytokine Profile Associated With Liver Damage Is Broader and Stronger in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Compared to Patients With Acute Hepatitis B

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ² Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ³ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• ⁴ Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA.
• ⁷ Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
• ¹¹ Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹² Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• ¹³ Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ¹⁴ Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹⁵ Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹⁶ Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.