A single dose of replication-competent VSV-vectored vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 S1 protects against virus replication in a hamster model of severe COVID-19

Delphine C Malherbe; Drishya Kurup; Christoph Wirblich; Adam J Ronk; Chad Mire; Natalia Kuzmina; Noor Shaik; Sivakumar Periasamy; Matthew A Hyde; Julie M Williams; Pei-Yong Shi; Matthias J Schnell; Alexander Bukreyev

doi:10.1038/s41541-021-00352-1

A single dose of replication-competent VSV-vectored vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 S1 protects against virus replication in a hamster model of severe COVID-19

NPJ Vaccines. 2021 Jul 22;6(1):91. doi: 10.1038/s41541-021-00352-1.

Authors

Delphine C Malherbe^#^{1

2}, Drishya Kurup^#³, Christoph Wirblich^#³, Adam J Ronk^{1

2}, Chad Mire^{2

4}, Natalia Kuzmina^{1

2}, Noor Shaik³, Sivakumar Periasamy^{1

2}, Matthew A Hyde², Julie M Williams², Pei-Yong Shi^{5

6}, Matthias J Schnell^{7

8}, Alexander Bukreyev^{9

10

11}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
² Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA.
³ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
⁴ Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
⁵ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
⁶ Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
⁷ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. [email protected].
⁸ Jefferson Vaccine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. [email protected].
⁹ Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. [email protected].
¹⁰ Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA. [email protected].
¹¹ Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. [email protected].

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

The development of effective countermeasures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is a priority. We designed and produced ConVac, a replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vaccine vector that expresses the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We used golden Syrian hamsters as animal models of severe COVID-19 to test the efficacy of the ConVac vaccine. A single vaccine dose elicited high levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific binding and neutralizing antibodies; following intranasal challenge with SARS-CoV-2, animals were protected from weight loss and viral replication in the lungs. No enhanced pathology was observed in vaccinated animals upon challenge, but some inflammation was still detected. The data indicate rapid control of SARS-CoV-2 replication by the S1-based VSV-vectored SARS-CoV-2 ConVac vaccine.