Updated knowledge and practical implementations of stress echocardiography in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiac diseases: An expert consensus of the Working Group of Echocardiography of the Hellenic Society of Cardiology

Nikolaos P E Kadoglou; Constantinos H Papadopoulos; Konstantinos G Papadopoulos; Stefanos Karagiannis; Ilias Karabinos; Savvas Loizos; Anastasios Theodosis-Georgilas; Konstantina Aggeli; Kalliopi Keramida; Dimitrios Klettas; Stavros Kounas; George Makavos; Ilias Ninios; Ioannis Ntalas; Ignatios Ikonomidis; Vasilios Sahpekidis; Alexandros Stefanidis; Theodora Zaglavara; George Athanasopoulos; George Karatasakis; Stamatios Kyrzopoulos; Nikos Kouris; Alexandros Patrianakos; Ioannis Paraskevaidis; Loukianos Rallidis; Konstantinos Savvatis; Dimitrios Tsiapras; Petros Nihoyannopoulos

doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2021.07.006

Updated knowledge and practical implementations of stress echocardiography in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiac diseases: An expert consensus of the Working Group of Echocardiography of the Hellenic Society of Cardiology

Hellenic J Cardiol. 2022 Mar-Apr:64:30-57. doi: 10.1016/j.hjc.2021.07.006. Epub 2021 Jul 28.

Authors

Nikolaos P E Kadoglou¹, Constantinos H Papadopoulos², Konstantinos G Papadopoulos³, Stefanos Karagiannis⁴, Ilias Karabinos⁵, Savvas Loizos⁶, Anastasios Theodosis-Georgilas⁷, Konstantina Aggeli⁸, Kalliopi Keramida⁹, Dimitrios Klettas¹⁰, Stavros Kounas¹¹, George Makavos¹², Ilias Ninios¹³, Ioannis Ntalas¹⁴, Ignatios Ikonomidis⁹, Vasilios Sahpekidis¹⁵, Alexandros Stefanidis¹⁶, Theodora Zaglavara¹⁷, George Athanasopoulos¹⁸, George Karatasakis¹⁸, Stamatios Kyrzopoulos¹⁹, Nikos Kouris²⁰, Alexandros Patrianakos²¹, Ioannis Paraskevaidis²², Loukianos Rallidis⁹, Konstantinos Savvatis²³, Dimitrios Tsiapras¹⁹, Petros Nihoyannopoulos²⁴

Affiliations

¹ Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Second Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" Hospital, Aristotle University ofThessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: [email protected].
² 2nd Cardiology Department, Korgialenio - Benakio Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: [email protected].
³ 3rd Cardiology Department, Interbalkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁴ Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece.
⁵ 3rd Cardiology Department, Euroclinic, Athens, Greece.
⁶ Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁷ Cardiology Department, Tzaneio Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁸ 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁹ 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹⁰ Metropolitan Hospital Center, Piraeus, Greece.
¹¹ Metropolitan Hospital Center, Athens, Greece.
¹² 3rd Cardiology Department, Sotiria University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹³ 2nd Cardiology Department, Interbalkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹⁴ Cardiology Department, General Hospital of Arta, Greece.
¹⁵ 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹⁶ 1st Cardiology Department, General Hospital of Nikaia, Greece.
¹⁷ Interbalkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹⁸ 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiosurgical Center, Piraeus, Greece.
¹⁹ 2nd Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiosurgical Center, Piraeus, Greece.
²⁰ Cardiology Department, Thriasio Hospital, Elefsina, Greece.
²¹ Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Heraclion, Crete, Greece.
²² Department of Therapeutics, Alexandra University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
²³ Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Barts Heart Center, London, UK.
²⁴ Metropolitan Hospital Center, Piraeus, Greece; Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.

PMID: 34329766
DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2021.07.006

Abstract

Stress echocardiography (SE) is a well established and valid technique, widely used for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiac diseases. This statement of the Echocardiography Working Group of the Hellenic Society of Cardiology summarizes the consensus of the writing group regarding the applications of SE, based on the expertise of their members and on a critical review of present medical literature. The main objectives of the consensus document include a comprehensive review of SE methodology and training-which focus on the preparation, the protocols used, the analysis of the SE images, and updated, evidence-based knowledge about SE applications on ischemic and nonischemic heart diseases, such as in cardiomyopathies, heart failure, and valvular heart disease.

Keywords: Cardiac valves; Cardiomyopathy; Coronary artery disease; Nonischemic disease; Stress echocardiography.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Cardiology*
Consensus
Echocardiography
Echocardiography, Stress / methods
Heart Diseases*
Humans