Diagnostic approach and epidemiology of Microbial Keratitis: findings from an Italian Tertiary Care center

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021 Nov;101(3):115470. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115470. Epub 2021 Jun 25.

Abstract

Rapid identification of causative microorganisms of microbial keratitis (MK) and knowledge of the most common local pathogens are prerequisites for rational antimicrobial therapy. We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics of MK diagnosed at the IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova of Reggio Emilia (Italy) in a 5-years period, where the Ophthalmologist Unit is a reference center for corneal infections. During the study period, 183 MK were evaluated through corneal scrapings cultures. The positivity rate was 54,1%. A total of 107 microorganisms have been isolated: Acanthamoeba species was the etiologic agent in 19 cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were more frequently isolated in bacterial keratitis, while Fusarium spp., Candida albicans, and Alternaria alternata were predominant among the fungal isolates. Strict cooperation between ophthalmologists and clinical microbiologists is advisable to allow the best diagnostic approach for MK.

Keywords: Acanthamoeba Species; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Microbial Keratitis; Pseudomonas Aeruginosa; Staphylococcus Aureus.

MeSH terms

  • Acanthamoeba / isolation & purification
  • Amebiasis / diagnosis
  • Amebiasis / epidemiology
  • Bacteria / classification
  • Bacteria / isolation & purification
  • Eye Infections, Bacterial / diagnosis
  • Eye Infections, Bacterial / epidemiology
  • Eye Infections, Fungal / diagnosis
  • Eye Infections, Fungal / epidemiology
  • Fungi / classification
  • Fungi / isolation & purification
  • Humans
  • Italy / epidemiology
  • Keratitis / diagnosis*
  • Keratitis / epidemiology*
  • Keratitis / microbiology
  • Keratitis / parasitology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Tertiary Care Centers / statistics & numerical data*