Case report: cerebral thromboembolism in an unconscious COVID-19 patient in intensive care

Pan Afr Med J. 2021 Apr 15:38:373. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.373.29034. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Although the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) being more frequently related to acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute cardiac and renal injuries, thromboembolic events have been increasingly reported. Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Corona Virus 2) often requires intensive care follow-up. As well as respiratory failure, the SARS-CoV-2 may cause central nervous system (CNS) involvement. The pandemic has raised many challenges in managing critically ill older adults, a population preferentially killed by COVID-19. The mortality and morbidity rates are extremely high in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Recent studies have reported the potential development of a hypercoagulable state in COVID-19. Viral infections and hypoxia may cause these state. It is increasingly reported that thromboembolic events are associated with a poor prognosis. Due to these thromboembolic complications, COVID-19 patients often have neurological symptoms. These symptoms may not be observed in intensive care patients who are sedated. We report one case who was sedated COVID-19 pneumonia and who was later diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis with cranial imaging when he could not awaken even though sedation was discontinued. Since COVID-19 causes intense thrombotic susceptibility due to cytokine storm, cerebrovascular thromboembolic complications associated with COVID-19 infection should be considered first and foremost for unconsciousness ventilated patients. Severe and potentially cerebral thrombosis may prolong the patient´s stay in intensive care.

Keywords: COVID-19; case report; intensive care; pneumonia; tromboembolia.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19 / complications*
  • COVID-19 / therapy
  • Critical Care
  • Deep Sedation
  • Humans
  • Intracranial Thrombosis / etiology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged