Objective: To investigate the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on long-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This is a single-center, prospective cohort study. Between June 2015 to January 2020, consecutive ACS patients hospitalized at Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University were enrolled. All patients underwent portable sleep breathing monitoring, and they were then divided into moderate/severe OSA group (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)≥15 events/hour) and no/mild OSA group (AHI<15 events/hour). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE), defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, ischemia-driven revascularization and hospital admission for unstable angina or heart failure. MACCE were compared yearly by the log-rank test. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the independent predictors of MACCE. Results: A total of 1 927 patients with ACS were enrolled, including 1 629 males (84.5%), aged (56.4±10.5) years. Moderate/severe OSA was present in 1 014 (52.6%) patients. Compared with no/mild OSA group, moderate/severe OSA group exhibited a higher body mass index (P<0.05). Hypertension, prior PCI were more prevalent in moderate/severe OSA group (both P<0.05). The difference of ACS category between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.021). The rate of patients who underwent PCI and the number of stents were higher in the moderate/severe OSA group. During a 5-year follow-up (median 2.9 years (IQR 1.5-3.6 years)), the cumulative incidence of MACCE was significantly higher in the moderate/severe OSA group than in the no/mild OSA group (34.0% vs. 24.0%, HR=1.346, 95%CI 1.100-1.646, log-rank P=0.004). The cumulative incidence of MACCE remained statistically higher at 4 and 5 year in the moderate/severe OSA group as compared to the no/mild OSA group (33.3% vs. 22.9%, HR=1.397, 95%CI 1.141-1.710, log-rank P=0.001; 34.0% vs. 24.0%, HR=1.341, 95%CI 1.096-1.640, log-rank P=0.004, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that moderate/severe OSA (HR=1.312, 95%CI 1.054-1.631, P=0.015) was an independent predictor of long-term MACCE in ACS patients. Conclusions: Moderate/severe OSA is observed in more than 52% ACS patients. Moderate/severe OSA is an independent predictor of long-term MACCE.
目的： 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）对急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者远期心血管事件的影响。 方法： 本研究是一项单中心、前瞻性队列研究，入选2015年6月至2020年1月于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院住院的ACS患者，对所有入选患者行便携式睡眠呼吸监测检查。根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）将患者分为中/重度OSA组（AHI≥15次/h）及无/轻度OSA组（AHI<15次/h）。主要终点为主要不良心脑血管事件（MACCE），即包括心原性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、非致死性卒中、缺血驱动的血运重建、因不稳定性心绞痛或心力衰竭再入院的复合终点。绘制两组患者发生MACCE的Kaplan-Meier曲线，分别于入组后1、2、3、4、5年比较两组MACCE的累积发生率。采用多因素Cox回归分析ACS患者发生MACCE的独立预测因素。 结果： 本研究共入选1 927例ACS患者，其中男性1 629例（84.5%），年龄（56.4±10.5）岁。中/重度OSA组1 014例（52.6%）。与无/轻度OSA组比较，中/重度OSA组患者的体重指数更高，既往接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）者、合并高血压者的占比更高（P均<0.05）。两组的ACS类型分布差异有统计学意义（P=0.021），中/重度OSA组接受PCI的比例及支架置入数量更高（P均>0.05）。随访时间为2.9（1.5，3.6）年，Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示，与无/轻度OSA组比较，中/重度OSA组MACCE累积发生率更高（34.0%比24.0%，HR=1.346，95%CI 1.100~1.646，log-rank P=0.004）；随访至第4、5年时两组的MACCE累积发生率差异出现统计学意义（分别为33.3%比22.9%，HR=1.397，95%CI 1.141~1.710，log-rank P=0.001；34.0%比24.0%，HR=1.341，95%CI 1.096~1.640，log-rank P=0.004）。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示，中/重度OSA（HR=1.312，95%CI 1.054~1.631，P=0.015）是ACS患者远期MACCE的独立预测因素。 结论： 超过52%的ACS患者合并OSA，OSA是ACS患者远期MACCE的独立预测因素，且随时间延长其影响越明显。.