Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on myokine levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Oct 28;31(11):3193-3201. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.07.015. Epub 2021 Jul 24.

Abstract

Background and aims: To evaluate the change in circulating serum irisin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after 6 and 12 months of GLP-1 treatment.

Methods and results: Eighty-five patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with insulin or other hypoglycaemic drugs were added to dulaglutide (N° = 44) and liraglutide (N° = 41) treatment. After 6 months of GLP-1 analogues a significant decrease in BMI (p < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (p < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (p < 0.001), HbA1c (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.003), triglycerides (p = 0.017), IL-6 (p = 0.045) and a significant increase in serum irisin (p < 0.001) were observed compared to baseline. After 12 months of treatment no significant differences were found compared to the levels at 6 months. The change in irisin from baseline (Δ_irisin) was significantly related to the changes in total-cholesterol (Δ_total-cholesterol) (r = -0.293; p = 0.020), while the change in IL-6 (Δ_IL-6) was significantly related to the changes in WC (Δ_WC) (r = 0.347; p = 0.006).

Conclusions: Additive treatment with GLP1-analogues results in an increase in serum circulating irisin levels and a decrease in IL-6. The post-treatment change in irisin was correlated with a decrease in total cholesterol, while the change in IL-6 was correlated with a decrease in WC.

Keywords: Adipokines; Dulaglutide; Interleukin-6; Irisin; Liraglutide.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Blood Glucose / drug effects*
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Cholesterol / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / diagnosis
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy*
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Female
  • Fibronectins / blood*
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor / agonists*
  • Glucagon-Like Peptides / adverse effects
  • Glucagon-Like Peptides / analogs & derivatives*
  • Glucagon-Like Peptides / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / adverse effects
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / adverse effects
  • Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / therapeutic use*
  • Incretins / adverse effects
  • Incretins / therapeutic use*
  • Inflammation Mediators / blood
  • Insulin / therapeutic use
  • Interleukin-6 / blood*
  • Liraglutide / adverse effects
  • Liraglutide / therapeutic use*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / adverse effects
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / therapeutic use*
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Waist Circumference

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Blood Glucose
  • FNDC5 protein, human
  • Fibronectins
  • GLP1R protein, human
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • IL6 protein, human
  • Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments
  • Incretins
  • Inflammation Mediators
  • Insulin
  • Interleukin-6
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Glucagon-Like Peptides
  • Liraglutide
  • Cholesterol
  • dulaglutide