Objective: To investigate the time and characteristics of screen exposure, to analyze the risk factors affecting screen exposure in children aged 3 years and younger, and to provide scientific basis for the intervention of screen exposure in children. Methods: The data were collected by convenience sampling from 317 children for routine examination aged 0-36 months who visited the Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from December 2019 to December 2020. Self-designed questionnaires of the screen exposure were completed by the parents. The basic information, home nurture environment and screen exposure conditions were investigated. Children <18 months of age who used electronic devices and 18-36 months of age who spent more than 1 h/d on electronic devices were defined as with screen exposure. The differences between <18 and 18-36 months of age were compared by rank sum test. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the association between screen exposure and potential influential factors. Results: Among 317 children, 209 were boys and 108 girls, aged (28±10) months. There were 117 patients aged <18 months and 200 patients aged 18-36 months. Screen exposure time was 0.3 (0, 1.0) h/d and 1.2 (0.6, 2.0) h/d in children aged <18 months and aged 18-36 months, respectively (Z=-6.770, P<0.01). The proportion of screen exposure was 25.6% (30/117) and 49.0% (98/200) in two age groups, respectively. Logistic regression analysis disclosed that not being the first child (OR=3.81, 95%CI: 1.13-12.77, P=0.030), caregivers spending >1 h/d on electronic devices in front of their children (OR=7.39, 95%CI: 2.24-24.46, P=0.001), caregivers believing that screen exposure can promote early childhood development (OR=4.14, 95%CI: 1.26-13.52, P=0.019) were risk factors for children's screen exposure in <18 months of age. Caregivers spending >1 h/d on electronic devices in front of their children (OR=3.29, 95%CI: 1.78-6.08, P<0.01) was risk factor for children's screen exposure in 18-36 months of age. Mothers with bachelor's or higher degree (OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.05-0.66, P=0.009; OR=0.35, 95%CI: 0.19-0.66, P=0.001), no television in living room (OR=0.11, 95%CI: 0.03-0.42, P=0.001; OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.21-0.98, P=0.045) were protective factors for children's screen exposure in children <18 months and 18-36 months of age. Conclusions: Excessive screen exposure is common among children aged 3 years and younger. The exposure time increases with age, and is affected by several factors.
目的： 调查3岁及以下儿童屏幕暴露的时间和特征，分析其影响因素，为儿童屏幕暴露干预提供科学依据。 方法： 采用方便抽样方法对2019年12月至2020年12月于首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院保健科门诊正常体检的317名0~36月龄儿童家长进行问卷调查，收集基本信息、家庭养育环境及屏幕暴露相关情况等信息。分别将0~<18月龄儿童使用电子产品、18~36月龄儿童使用电子产品时间>1 h/d定义为屏幕暴露，采用非参数秩和检验比较不同年龄组儿童屏幕暴露时间差异，χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归分析屏幕暴露的影响因素。 结果： 317名儿童中男209名、女108名，年龄（28±10）月龄；0~<18月龄117名、18~36月龄200名。0~<18月龄、18~36月龄儿童每日屏幕时间分别为0.3（0，1.0）h、1.2（0.6，2.0）h，差异有统计学意义（Z=-6.770，P<0.01）；存在屏幕暴露的占比分别为25.6%（30/117）和49.0%（98/200）。0~<18月龄儿童中第二胎及以上（OR=3.81，95%CI：1.13~12.77，P=0.030）、带养人在儿童面前使用电子产品时间≥1 h/d（OR=7.39，95%CI：2.24~24.46，P=0.001）、带养人认为屏幕暴露可促进儿童早期发展（OR=4.14，95%CI：1.26~13.52，P=0.019）为儿童屏幕暴露的危险因素；18~36月龄儿童中带养人在儿童面前使用电子产品时间≥1 h/d（OR=3.29，95%CI：1.78~6.08，P<0.01）为儿童屏幕暴露的危险因素；0~<18月龄、18~36月龄儿童中母亲文化程度本科及以上（OR=0.19，95%CI：0.05~0.66，P=0.009；OR=0.35，95%CI：0.19~0.66，P=0.001）和卧室无电视（OR=0.11，95%CI：0.03~0.42，P=0.001；OR=0.45，95%CI：0.21~0.98，P=0.045）均为儿童屏幕暴露的保护因素。 结论： 3岁及以下儿童屏幕暴露问题普遍，随年龄增大暴露时间增加，并受到多种因素影响。.